人工韧带修复膝关节交叉韧带损伤

背景：以往治疗膝关节交叉韧带损伤的主要手段是移植重建,最常用的移植材料为自体的骨髌腱骨、半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱。但由于此类移植物存在取材区并发症及韧带化过程中的各种问题,近年来人工韧带的研究受到重视。目的：认识膝关节交叉韧带的结构及血供特点,以及膝关节交叉韧带损伤后人工韧带重建治疗机制与临床应用特点。方法：①分析膝关节前、后交叉韧带的组织结构,功能学特点以及血供差异。②分析膝关节前、后交叉韧带损伤的类型及生物力学机制。③分析修复膝关节交叉韧带损伤的材料学分类及特点。④分析人工韧带修复后影响关节稳定性的因素。结果与结论：修复膝关节前、后交叉韧带损伤时,应首先考虑到前、后交叉韧带的功能及血供情况,选择合适的重建物,使重建时过程简化,操作简单,重建材料的组织相容性较好,达到修复后的解剖与功能的双重建。

Artificial ligament repairs the injured cruciate ligament of the knee joint

BACKGROUND:The previous main methods for the treatment of cruciate ligament injury of the keen joint are transplantation and reconstruction, and the most commonly used graft materials are autologous patellar tendon bone, semitendinosus and gracilis tendon. But grafts can lead to complications in the drawn district and a variety of issues during ligament process. In recent years, the research of artificial ligament has become a hot spot.OBJECTIVE:To understand the structure and blood supply of cruciate ligament of the keen joint, and to investigate the mechanism and clinical characteristics of artificial ligament reconstruction for cruciate ligament injury of the keen joint.METHODS:The tissue structure and functional features of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of the knee joint as well as the difference of blood supply were analyzed. The type and biomechanical mechanisms of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint were analyzed. Classification and characteristics of the materials for repairing cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint were analyzed, as well as the factors affecting the joint stability after artificial ligament repairing.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Before the repairing of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee joint, the function and blood supply of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments should be considered, in order to select the suitable reconstruction material, thus making the reconstruction process simply and easy to operate. The suitable reconstruction materials have good histocompatibility which is beneficial for anatomical and functional reconstruction after repairing.