生物医用钛合金材料的生物及力学相容性

背景：保证生物材料优良的生物及力学相容性是研制开发外科植入物及矫形器械产品的关键，但目前对其研究缺乏系统性和统一性认识。目的：初步分析生物医用钛合金材料生物及力学相容性的概念、内涵，指导医疗器械产品的选型设计与应用。方法：应用计算机检索PubMed、Elsiver、Springerlink、CNKI及维普等数据库1995至2012年相关文献，围绕“生物及力学相容性”主题词，探讨合金成分、显微组织及相变控制和材料表面状态优化等因素对钛合金材料生物及力学相容性的影响规律。结果与结论：生物及力学相容性是一个综合评价概念。进行医用钛合金材料选型设计时，首先要求合金中的组成元素无不良反应，并保证其与组织、血液及免疫和全身反应的安全性，同时要求所添加元素对钛合金的机械性能等其他性能不良影响最小。钛合金中常见的合金化元素主要包括α相稳定元素、β相稳定元素和中性元素3类。要使生物医用钛合金植入材料获得优良的生物及力学相容性，对材料内部显微组织和相变进行控制，以及开展材料表面状态改性优化也至关重要。但不能单纯追求一种钛合金的低模量或高强度等某一单项力学指标与人体骨组织接近或匹配而简单判定其生物力学相容性的优劣。

Biological and mechanical compatibility of biomedical titanium alloy materials

BACKGROUND:Biomechanical compatibility is the key factor for the research and development of surgical implants and orthopedic devices. But the present research lacks systematic and common knowledge. OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily analyze the concept and intension of biomechanical compatibility of biomedical titanium alloys in order to direct the designing and applying of medical devices.METHODS:A computer-based search was performed for articles related to biomechanical compatibility in PubMed, Elsiver, SpringerLink, CNKI and VIP databases (1995-2012) to investigate the effects of alloy elements, microstructure and its phase transformation, and surface modification on the biomechanical compatibility of titanium alloys.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:It is a comprehensive evaluation for biomechanical compatibility. To design biomedical titanium alloys, first, there should be no toxic alloy elements to ensure the safety in the reaction with the tissue, blood, immune system and whole body; second, it is also required that added elements should have the minimum adverse effects on the mechanical properties and other performance of titanium alloys. Common alloy elements in titanium alloys include α-phase stable element, β-phase stable element, and neutral element. It is important for better biomechanical compatibility of biomedical titanium alloys to control microstructure and phase transitions and even carry out surface modification. But we cannot simply pursue the low modulus and high strength of a titanium alloy that is close or matching the human bone tissue, by which, we adjust the pros and cons of the biomechanical compatibility.