骨组织工程支架材料及其血管化的研究进程

背景：随着骨组织工程学技术的不断发展,利用组织工程骨修复大面积骨缺损成为当今研究的热点。目的：介绍骨组织工程中的种子细胞、细胞因子、支架材料的特性及材料血管化情况。方法：以“骨组织工程,支架材料,血管化”为中文关键词,以“bone tissue engineering,scafold,vascularization”为英文关键词,采用计算机检索2000年1月至2012年1月CNKI数据库和PubMed数据库相关文章,选择与骨组织工程学概述、支架材料和血管化方面相关的文章进行分析。结果与结论：种子细胞的选择、细胞因子的应用、支架材料的性能及血管化程度均对组织工程骨成功修复骨损伤产生着重要影响。适宜的种子细胞是骨组织工程的研究基础,细胞因子是骨组织工程研究的催化剂,具有良好三维结构的支架材料对于促进细胞的生长增殖、组织长入、成骨方式和血管化等方面均有积极的促进作用。但每种支架材料都有其不足之处,所以可以通过将多种材料进行复合达到综合效应来满足临床需求。另外也要积极寻求新的材料制备工艺和对已有方法进行改进,以制造出更加优良的支架材料。但血管化仍然是骨组织工程要面对的重大考验。目前所应用的促进组织工程骨血管化的方法均存在一定缺陷,如利用生长因子促进血管化时,易造成代谢异常患者病情恶化等情况发生;利用显微外科技术促进组织工程骨血管化,易导致其他部位形成创伤和畸形,不利于患者的身体康复等。

Insight into bone tissue engineering scaffold materials and their vascularization

BACKGROUND: With the development of tissue engineering technology, repairing large-area bone defects using tissue-engineered bone has become a hot spot.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the bone tissue engineering seed cells, cytokines, as well as the characteristics of scaffold materials and their vascularization.  METHODS: With the key words of “bone tissue engineering, scaffold, vascularization ” in Chinese and in English, respectively, a computer-based search of articles published from January 2000 to January 2012 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. Articles with the summary of bone tissue engineering, bone tissue engineering scaffolds and scaffold vascularization were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The selection of seed cells, application of cytokines, scaffold material performance and degree of vascularization in bone tissue engineering has an important influence on the repair of bone injuries. Appropriate seed cells is the study foundation in bone tissue engineering, cytokines serve as catalysts, and scaffold materials with good three-dimensional structure can promote cell growth and proliferation,tissue ingrowth, osteogenesis and vascularization. Each scaffold has its own inadequacies, so the combination of a variety of materials can reach a combined effect to meet the clinical demand. In addition, it is important to actively seek new material preparation technology and improve the existing methods, in order to create a more excellent scaffold. But the vascularization is still a major test for bone tissue engineering. Current methods to promote vascularization of tissue-engineered bone have some defects. For examples, the use of growth factors to promote vascularization can lead to disease progression in patients with metabolic abnormalities during; microsurgical techniques for tissue engineering bone vascularization are easy to cause trauma and deformity at other parts, which is not conducive to the patient’s physical rehabilitation.