Caffeic Acid–coated Nanolayer on Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Potentiates the Host Immune Responses,Angiogenesis, and Odontogenesis |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan;2. Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan;3. School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan;4. x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan;5. School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan;6. The PhD Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan;7. Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan;11. 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan;1. Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;4. Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal;6. Department of Endodontics, Instituto de Implantologia, Lisbon, Portugal;5. CENIMAT/i3N, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate whether mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) can be modified with caffeic acid (CA) to form caffeic acid/mineral trioxide aggregate (CAMTA) cement and to evaluate its physicochemical and biological properties as well as its capability in immune suppression and angiogenesis.MethodsMTA was immersed in trishydroxymethyl aminomethane buffer with CA to allow coating onto MTA powders. X-ray diffractometry and tensile stress-strain tests were conducted to assess for physical characteristics of CAMTA and to evaluate for successful modification of MTA. Then, the CAMTA cement was immersed in simulated body fluid to evaluate its hydroxyapatite formation capabilities and Si release profiles. In addition, RAW 264.7 cells and human dental pulp stem cells were used to evaluate CAMTA’s immunosuppressive capabilities and cell responses, respectively. hDPSCs were also used to assess CAMTA’s angiogenic capabilities.ResultsThe X-ray diffractometry results showed that CA can be successfully coated onto MTA without disrupting or losing MTA’s original structural properties, thus allowing us to retain the initial advantages of MTA. CAMTA was shown to have higher mechanical properties compared with MTA and had rougher pitted surfaces, which were hypothesized to lead to enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and secretion of angiogenic- and odontogenic-related proteins. In addition, it was found that CAMTA was able to enhance hydroxyapatite formation and immunosuppressive capabilities compared with MTA.ConclusionsCAMTA cements were found to have improved physicochemical and biological characteristics compared with their counterpart. In addition, CAMTA cements had enhanced odontogenic, angiogenic, and immunosuppressive properties compared with MTA. All of the results of this study proved that CAMTA cements could be a biomaterial for future clinical applications and tissue engineering use. |
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| Keywords: | Angiogenesis caffeic acid human dental pulp stem cell inflammation mineral trioxide aggregate odontogenesis RAW 264 7 |
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