孕期营养管理对预防巨大儿的效果研究

目的研究孕期营养管理对预防巨大儿的效果。方法将3000例孕妇随机分为观察组和对照组各1500例,在常规检查的基础上,干预组给予产前营养管理干预,对照组不接受系统饮食干预,比较两组产妇妊娠期并发症发生率和巨大儿出生率。结果观察组剖宫产率、巨大儿率、助产率分别为35.00%、3.40%、2.60%,均低于对照组（P〈0.01）;观察组BMI增加值、体重增加值、体重增加达标率分别为（5.8±1.3）kg/m2、（12.4±3.2）kg、84.93%,均优于对照组（P〈0.01）;观察组妊娠期糖尿病率、妊娠期高血压率、产后出血率、第二产程持续时间均低于对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论通过孕期营养管理,控制孕妇体重科学增长,可降低巨大儿出生率和妊娠期并发症发生率。

Effects of nutritional intervention during pregnancy on prevention of fetal macrosomia

Objective To explore the effects of nutritional intervention during pregnancy on the prevention of fetal macrosomia. Methods 3000 pregnant women were randomly divided into 2 groups： observation group and control group,1500 in each;routine examination was made to all the cases,while nutritional intervention was added to cases in observation group; a comparative study was made in the occurrence of complications during pregnancy and the delivery of fetal macrosomia between the 2 groups. Results The rate of cesarean section,fetal macrosomia and assistance delivery in observation group was 35. 00%,3. 40% and 2. 60%respectively,all lower than those in control group（ P 〈 0. 01）; the changes of BMI,the weight increase and rate of standard weight in observation group were（ 5. 8 ± 1. 3） kg /m2,（ 16. 4 ± 3. 2） kg and 84. 93%,respectively,all superior to those in control group（ P〈 0. 01）; the occurrences of gestational diabetes mellitus（ GDM）,gestational impaired glucose tolerance（ GIGT） and postpartum hemorrhage in observation group were lower than those in control group; the time of second stage of labor was shorter（ P〈0. 05 or P 〈0. 01） in observation group than that in control group. Conclusions Nutritional intervention during pregnancy can scientifically control the weight increase and reduce the delivery of fetal macrosomia and the occurrence of complications.