进藏列车女乘务员高原习服-脱习服过程对月经的影响

目的调查进藏列车女乘务员高原习服-脱习服过程中,月经失调情况与高原习服、高原脱习服程度的关系。方法选择北京、上海、成都籍进藏列车女乘务员58人,通过问卷调查自2007年出乘以来的月经异常率,并与高原习服-脱习服水平及症状做相关分析。结果全组月经异常检出率为72.41%,其中月经异常5项表现的检出率依次为：经量减少41.38%、月经紊乱27.59%、经期提前为20.69%、经期推后为13.79%、经量增多为10.34%;该5项中,1项异常者占41.38%,≥2项异常者占31.03%。5项表现与乏力倦怠、睡眠障碍、食欲减低、记忆减退、出乘总时间、总体健康水平下降、胸闷气短等高原习服-高原脱习服不良症状呈不同程度中度正相关（r=0.369～0.730,P=0.000～0.041）。有月经异常者较无月经异常者出乘总时间平均多13.13个月（t=2.218,P〈0.05）。结论具有＂长期循环、频繁间歇、极大跨度＂作业的平原-高原列车女乘务员,存在着很高的月经异常率;与高原习服-脱习服水平及出乘总时间等多种因素相关,各因素相互叠加对健康形成危害,需积极研究防治对策。

Impact of high altitude acclimatization-deacclimatization on menstruation of female attendants on trains to Tibet

Objective To explore the correlation between high altitude acclimatization-deacclimatization and menstrual disorder in female attendants on trains to Tibet. Methods 58 female attendants on trains to Tibet from Beijing,Shanghai and Chengdu were selected for the questionnaire on abnormity in menstruation since their work as attendants in 2007 and a correlated analysis was made. Results The total incidence of abnormal menstruation was 72. 41%,and the rates of the 5 symptoms of abnormal menstruation ranged as follows： hypomenorrhea（ 41. 38%）,menstrual disorder（ 27. 59%）,menstrual period advanced（ 20. 69%）,menstrual period postponed（ 13. 79%） and hypermenorrhea（ 10. 34%）; of the 5 symptoms,abnormity of one took up 41. 38% and abnormity ≥ two took up 31. 03%; there existed a positive correlation between above 5 symptoms and the abnormal conditions,such as hypodynamia,sinsomnia,anorexia,hypomnesia,total working time on train,etc.,caused by acclimatization-deacclimatization（ r = 0. 369-0. 730,P =0. 000-0. 041）; the total working time of the attendants with menstrual disorder was longer than that of the attendants without menstrual disorder,averagely 13. 13 months longer（ t = 2. 218,P〈0. 05）. Conclusions There exists a high incidence of abnormal menstruation in female attendants on trains from plain to high altitude due to their working environments,various factors caused by acclimatizationdeacclimatization and the total working time may cause certain harm to the health; prevention measures should be explored and taken.