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Brief Report: Dissociable rhythmic mechanisms enhance memory for conscious and nonconscious perceptual contents
Authors:Phillip (Xin) Cheng  Shrey Grover  Wen Wen  Shruthi Sankaranarayanan  Sierra Davies  Justine Fragetta  David Soto  Robert M. G. Reinhart
Abstract:
Understanding the neural mechanisms of conscious and unconscious experience is a major goal of fundamental and translational neuroscience. Here, we target the early visual cortex with a protocol of noninvasive, high-resolution alternating current stimulation while participants performed a delayed target–probe discrimination task and reveal dissociable mechanisms of mnemonic processing for conscious and unconscious perceptual contents. Entraining β-rhythms in bilateral visual areas preferentially enhanced short-term memory for seen information, whereas α-entrainment in the same region preferentially enhanced short-term memory for unseen information. The short-term memory improvements were frequency-specific and long-lasting. The results add a mechanistic foundation to existing theories of consciousness, call for revisions to these theories, and contribute to the development of nonpharmacological therapeutics for improving visual cortical processing.
Keywords:high-definition transcranial alternating current stimulation   conscious awareness   unconscious processing   short-term memory   neural rhythms
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