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The Mediating Role of Dietary Inflammatory Index in the Association between Eating Breakfast and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:Mengzi Sun  Xuhan Wang  Ling Wang  Wenyu Hu  Yixue Yang  Nan Yao  Jing Li  Zechun Xie  Ruirui Guo  Yuxiang Wang  Bo Li
Affiliation:Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
Abstract:Obesity is closely related with diet, including the regularity of meals and inflammation in the diet. No previous study focused on the associations among eating breakfast, which is regarded the most important meal, dietary inflammation, and obesity. This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018, with 23,758 participants involved. Obesity and dietary inflammation were measured by body mass index (BMI) and dietary inflammatory index (DII), respectively. Eating breakfast was defined by two days of dietary recalls based on NHANES dietary data. Pro-inflammatory diet and skipping breakfast were positively associated with obesity in the whole population. Compared with eating breakfast in both recalls, skipping breakfast had the higher OR of obesity, especially for individuals who reported no recall. Participants with diabetes were the sensitive population of these associations. Compared with participants who reported breakfast in both recalls, the mediated proportion of participants reported breakfast in one recall and in no recall were 24.71% and 27.34%, respectively. The association between eating breakfast and obesity was partly mediated by DII. We recommended eating breakfast regularly to reduce dietary inflammation, as well as further obesity, especially for diabetic populations.
Keywords:dietary inflammatory index   eating breakfast   obesity
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