1991—2000年安徽省血吸虫病疫情分析

目的为制订全省防治血吸虫病防治对策提供依据.方法以流行村为单位,汇总全省疫区1991～2000年各项螺病情指标,结合各年度疫情专题调查材料,分析全省血吸虫病流行态势.结果近10年,全省人群与耕牛感染率下降幅度分别为69.6%和60.7%;而疫区人群年均急感发病率表现为波动状态,波动幅度在2/10万至18/10万之间;但全省螺情呈上升态势,钉螺面积净增1 1%.结论1 0年来,防治技术水平的提高和防治投入的增加,疫区人群生产、生活、文化水平的提高,减少了人群接触疫水频度,使血吸虫病病情得以有效控制.而气候变暖、洪涝灾害等自然因素利于钉螺的孳生、迁徙;水利灌溉工程的建设运营等造成钉螺扩散;药物灭螺受制约,环改灭螺成本较高,难以大规模实施等原因,是我省螺情回升的主要原因.因此,今后全省的防治策略要做好区域性防治规划,在控制疾病的同时,加强钉螺的监测与控制措施,确保防治成果.

Situation analysis of schistosomiasis epidemic from 1991 to 2000 in Anhui province

To evaluate baseline information for adjusting schistosomiasis control strategies by analyzing the epidemic situation in the province. Methods To analyze the endemic situation during the past ten years in the province, on the basis of annual incidence of schistosomiasis in human and cattle population and of the change on snail-ridden areas from 1991 to 2000. Results In the past years, the infection rate in human population and cattle reduced by 69.6% and 60.7% respectively. The average annual incidence of acute schistosomiasis fluctuated between 2/100, 000 and 18/100, 000, but the area of snail habitats increased by 11%. Conclusions Due to the advancement in control technology, increased investment, less frequency of contacting infected water in human population and cattle over the endemic areas, the disease transmission decreased considerably. However, the area irrigation ditches, limited use of molluscicide and high cost of environmental modification. For the future control program, snail surveillance and control need to be strengthened while maintaining activities on disease control in human and cattle population.