湿热环境下作业的男性青年人体动态平均体温上限的探讨

目的 确定湿热环境下不同作业强度时的平均体温上限,用以保证作业安全。方法 从576名受试者中筛选30名男性志愿者为受试者,年龄18~23岁,经体检和体能测试合格。每次训练前后测量体温度相关指标(包括皮肤5点温度、肛温以及由此计算出的平均体温)。与文献报道对比,确定其符合度。通过多元回归方程分析建立相关模型,并对模型进行点估计。结果 (1)受试者平均体温超过文献报道的例数占受试者的35.83%,符合度较低。(2)平均体温 ＾y与环境的温度X1、湿度X2,以及劳动作业强度X3有关。其回归方程为 ＾y=14.247 68+0.604 67X1-0.018 29X2+0.343 53X3，按照相关点估计的计算后形成查表。(3)使用动态耐热上限指标后,在441例次的温度指标中,平均体温超过动态上限的例数在11例次,占全部的2.49%。结论 湿热环境下人体的平均体温和环境温度、湿度、作业强度均有关,在这一基础上按照点估计计算得到的动态上限值表,具有保证作业安全的意义。

Upper limit of dynamic mean body temperature of young men trained in heat-humid environment

Objective To determine the definitive upper limit for training with different intensities in heat-humid environment,so as to provide evidence for safe working in heat-humid environment.Methods Thirty male volunteers aged 18-23 years old who passed both health examination and physical agility test were selected from a total of 576 trainees.The body temperature,including 5-point temperatures on the skin,rectal temperature and mean body temperature calculated,were obtained before and after each training episode;the results were compared with previously reported.Then a regression equation on the mean body temperature was developed and point estimation was done subsequently.Results(1) We found that 35.83% of the subjects had a mean body temperature higher than the upper limit previously reported.(2) If ^ y was the mean body temperature,X1 was the temperature in environment,X2 was the humidity in environment,and X3 was the intensity of work,the regression equations was ^ y=14.247 68+0.604 67X1-0.018 29X2+0.343 53X3;and a table was developed according to related point estimation.(3) There were 11 person/times(2.49%) out of 441 person/times whose mean body temperature surpassed the dynamic upper limit according to the table.Conclusion The mean body temperature is related to the environment temperature,humidity and work intensity in the heat-humid environment.The table developed by point estimation of the regression equation may help to ensure safe working in heat-humid environment.