一起SARS爆发流行的调查研究

目的：分析一起SARS爆发流行的病例分布特点，了解传播途径，为有效控制SARS的发生与蔓延提供科学依据。方法：采用回顾性调查和现场流行病学调查方法，对SARS局部爆发进行调查，利用Exce15．0软件和SPSS10．0软件分析该起SARS病例的时间分布、空间分布和人群分布及聚集性特征。根据传播链分析传播关系。结果：由首发病例(指征病例)引起感染或继发感染病人79例，年龄分布在19～69岁，男性占51．89％，女性占48．11％。发病人群包括护士、医生、同期住院患、家属、其他人员人员，分别占36．71％、12．66％、7．59％、10.13％和32．99％。病例分布有四个时段，医护人员发病时间主要集中于第一、二个高峰时段，院内非医护人员和院外人员发病时间集中第三高峰，医务人员家属发病时间主要分布在第四个时段。密切接触是SARS传播的主要途径，尤其是近距离接触病例获得感染的机会比较大，SARS病例空间分布主要集中在几个科室，结论：该起SARS流行分布具有明显的聚集性，为典型的院内SARS爆发感染；医务人员应对飞沫和接触性传播采取严格的控制措施，加强对该病的防范意识。

Epidemiological investigation into an outbreak of severe acute respiratiory syndrome in a hospital

Objective To analyze the Epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) outbreak and to study the transmission process of SARS in order to provide scientific basis for prevention and control measure Methods Case tracing and field survey were conducted on the subsequently infected patients Distribution of all the qatients in population,place,time and clustering of SARS cases were analyze by Excel5 0 and SPSS10 0 software Transimission process was determined by transmission chain Results Of the total 79 cases caused by the index case 51 89% was male and 48 11% female The patients'age ranged from 19 to 69 Patients included nurses,doctors,patients with other disease hospitalized in the same time,relatives of hospital staff,non-hospital staff,which accounted for 36 71%,12 66%,7.59%,10 13% and 32 99% respectively Most cases occurred in four phases,with doctor and nurses in the first and second peaks,non-hospital staff and the relatives of the hospital staff in the third and forth peaks respectively The cases were clustered in several departments,Close contact was a main risk factor for SARS infection Especially,the people who had close contact with patients at the place was in greater risk factor Conclusion Clustering of SARS cases was apparent,which showed a typical outbreak of hospital-acquired infection Effective measures be taken by medical staff to control infection caused by droplet and contact