Low vaccination coverage for seasonal influenza and pneumococcal disease among adults at-risk and health care workers in Ireland, 2013: The key role of GPs in recommending vaccination |
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| Affiliation: | 1. European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden;2. HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland;1. Public Health Computational and Operations Research (PHICOR), Pittsburgh, PA, USA (formerly) and Baltimore, MD, USA (currently);2. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;3. Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA;4. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;1. Department of Family Medicine (RKZ, MPN, CJL, KKM, SZ, JESP, DBM, JMR), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;2. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (VNP, AEB), United States;3. Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences (MH, EMR), University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States;4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (SAL, FA), Atlanta, GA, United States;1. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac # 46 Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;2. Centro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA A.C. Calz. De Tlalpan # 4430 Col. Toriello Guerra, Del. Tlalpan 14050, Ciudad de México, Mexico;3. Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.U., Distrito Federal, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico;1. Downing College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;2. Northern Ireland Centre for Food & Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK;1. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, España;2. Servicio de urgencias extrahospitalario, Tafalla, Navarra, España;3. Medicina Preventiva, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España;4. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, España;5. Centro Tecnológico de Información y Documentación sanitaria, Murcia, España;6. Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España;7. Servicio de Atención Primaria, Villava, Navarra, España |
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| Abstract: | The World Health Organization (WHO), and European Agencies recommend influenza vaccination for individuals at-risk due to age (≥65 years), underlying diseases, pregnancy and for health care workers (HCWs) in Europe. Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for those at-risk of pneumococcal disease. In Ireland, vaccination uptake among at-risk adults is not routinely available. In 2013, we conducted a national survey among Irish residents ≥18 years of age, to estimate size and vaccination coverage of at-risk groups, and identify predictive factors for influenza vaccination.We used computer assisted telephone interviews to collect self-reported information on health, vaccination status, attitudes towards vaccination. We calculated prevalence and prevalence ratios (PR) using binomial regression.Overall, 1770 individuals participated. For influenza, among those aged 18–64 years, 22% (325/1485) [95%CI: 17%–20%] were at-risk; 28% [95%CI: 23%–33%] were vaccinated. Among those aged ≥65 years, 60% [95%CI: 54%–66%] were vaccinated. Influenza vaccine uptake among HCWs was 28% [95%CI: 21%–35%]. For pneumococcal disease, among those aged 18–64 years, 18% [95%CI: 16%–20%] were at-risk; 16% [95%CI: 12%–21%] reported ever-vaccination; among those aged ≥65 years, 36% [95%CI: 30%–42%] reported ever-vaccination. Main reasons for not receiving influenza vaccine were perceptions of not being at-risk, or not thinking of it; and among HCWs thinking that vaccination was not necessary or they were not at-risk. At-risk individuals were more likely to be vaccinated if their doctor had recommended it (PR 3.2; [95%CI: 2.4%-4.4%]) or they had access to free medical care or free vaccination services (PR 2.0; [95%CI: 1.5%-2.8%]).Vaccination coverage for both influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in at-risk individuals aged 18–64 years was very low. Influenza vaccination coverage among individuals ≥65 years was moderate. Influenza vaccination status was associated with GP vaccination recommendation and free access to vaccination services. Doctors should identify and recommend vaccination to at-risk patients to improve uptake. |
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| Keywords: | Immunisation Influenza Pneumococcal Vaccination At-risk Elderly |
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