肠杆菌科细菌超广谱β—内酰胺酶的检测及药酶分析

目的：了解超广谱β－内酰胺酶（ESBL5）在肠杆菌科细菌中的产生情况及其对部分药物的敏感性，以指导临床合理用药。方法：用双纸片确证试验检测肠杆菌科细菌产ESBL5的情况，用 片扩散法对8种抗生素的体外药敏试验结果进行初步分析。结果；产ESBL5的肠杆菌科细菌47株，其中大肠埃希菌25株、肺炎克雷伯菌14株、阴沟肠杆菌5株、催产克雷菌1株、鼻硬结克雷伯菌1株、液化沙雷菌1株。在8种抗生素的体外药敏试验中，亚胺培南和美洛培南手敏感率最高（100％），其次为哌拉西林／他唑巴坦（89.4%）、头孢西丁（72.4%)和头孢替坦（65.9%）。结论：产ESBL5的肠杆菌科细菌主要以大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主，对于由产ESBL5株引起的感染，亚胺增南和美洛培南可作为首选治疗用药。哌拉西林／他唑巴坦优于头霉菌素类药物和其他β－内酰胺酶抑制剂的复合制剂。

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection in Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic susceptibility analysis]

OBJECTIVE: To detect the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in family Enterobacteriaceae and analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of those ESBLs-producing strains. METHODS: ESBLs were determined by the double-disk confirmatory test and 8 antibiotic susceptibilities were tested with the disk disffusion method in those strains producing ESBLs. RESULTS: Forty-seven ESBLs-producing strains comprised of 25 of E. coli, 14 of K. pneumoniae, 5 of E. cloacae, 1 of K. oxytoca, 1 of K. rhinoscleromatis, and 1 of S. liquefaciens. The susceptibility rates of those strains were: 100% for imipenem and meropenem, 89.4% for piperacillin/tazobactam, 72.4% for cefoxitin and 65.9% for cefotetan. CONCLUSION: E. coli and K. pneumoniae are the prime strains producing ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae. Imipenem and meropenem are the best drugs to deal with those ESBLs-producing strains. Piperacillin/tazobactam is better than cephamycins and other beta-lactama/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination.