深圳地区产后抑郁现状及危险因素分析

目的 调查深圳市产后抑郁发病现状,分析产后抑郁发病相关影响因素,为预防产后抑郁的发生及早期筛查提供科学依据。方法 选取2019年5月—2019年12月在深圳市妇幼保健院及深圳市中医院进行产后健康检查产妇为研究对象,填写产后抑郁自拟量表,对产后抑郁相关影响因素进行单因素方差分析后,再采用多因素二元logistic回归分析探讨产后抑郁与各项影响因素之间的关系。结果 共4 431名产妇参加调查和评估,产后抑郁发生率为11.6%。将单因素分析后有统计学差异的15个因素纳入多因素二元logistic回归分析。最终结果提示初产妇、婆媳关系欠佳、夫妻关系欠佳、产妇性格内向、纯母乳喂养、孕期未接受宣教、孕期焦虑、孕期抑郁、孕产期不良生活事件发生9个因素对产后抑郁的发生有负面影响。结论 深圳市产后抑郁发生率在全国范围内较低,家庭成员应对产妇予以更多的关注,同时医院应当加强产前、产时和产后全程心理辅导,并积极进行早期筛查。

Postpartum depression and influencing factors in Shenzhen

Objective To investigate the postpartum depression incidence in Shenzhen and the influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and early screening of postpartum depression. Methods A total of 4 431 women who underwent postpartum health checkups at Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from May 2019 to December 2019 filled out the postpartum depression scale. The influencing factors were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by multivariate binary logistic regression analysis to explore their associations with postpartum depression. Results The incidence of postpartum depression among 4 431 surveyed women was11.6%. Fifteen factors showing statistical significance after one-way ANOVA were further included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the results indicated that first birth, poor relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law,poor relationship between husband and wife, introverted personality, exclusive breastfeeding, absence of pregnancy education,pregnancy anxiety, pregnancy depression, and occurrence of adverse life events during pregnancy and delivery had negative impact on postpartum depression. Conclusion The incidence of postpartum depression in Shenzhen is relatively low nationwide. Family members should pay more attention to mothers, while hospitals should strengthen psychological counseling during prenatal, delivery and the whole postnatal period as well as early screening.