Development of a coronavirus social distance attitudes scale |
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| Authors: | Lawrence An Sarah Hawley M. Lee Van Horn Elizabeth Bacon Penny Yang Ken Resnicow |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;2. University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA;4. University of Michigan, Division of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;5. Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;1. University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;2. University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;3. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA;4. University of Michigan, Division of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;5. Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
ObjectiveOur goal was to develop a scale to assess social distance attitudes related to COVID-19.MethodsWe performed an online national survey of US adults (n = 1,074) to assess social distance attitudes, COVID-19 related beliefs and behaviors, and demographics. We assessed scale structure using confirmatory factor analysis and evaluated internal consistency and validity. We assessed association of scale factors with respondent characteristics.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported a hypothesized two-factor solution. Internal consistency was high for both positive (Alpha = 0.92) and negative (Alpha = 0.91) attitude factors. Analyses supported construct and predictive validity with expected associations between scale factors and perceived norms and behavior (e.g. trips out of the home). We found an interaction suggesting that holding highly negative attitudes reduced the effect of holding positive beliefs. Both attitude factors were related to age, gender, race/ethnicity, and political affiliation. Perceived COVID-19 risk (to others but not for self) and perceived severity were consistently associated with higher positive and lower negative attitudes.ConclusionThis COVID-19 Social Distance Attitude Scale contains positive and negative factors with high internal consistency and construct and predictive validity.Practice implicationA greater understanding and ongoing assessment of COVID-19 social distance attitudes could inform policymakers, researchers, and clinicians who seek to promote protective social distance behaviors. |
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| Keywords: | COVID-19 Social distance attitudes Scale development |
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