高血压病患者焦虑和抑郁流行病学调查和影响因素研究

目的了解高血压病患者的焦虑和抑郁状况以及影响因素。方法采取病例对照研究，随机抽取绵阳市涪城区原发性高血压患者340例（高血压组）和正常健康体检者250人（对照组）作为研究对象，采用Zung焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表评定其焦虑和抑郁情况，并分析相关影响因素。结果高血压病组焦虑和抑郁均显著高于健康对照组（分剐为29．1％比2％和21．8％比1．2％），吸烟、血压控制不佳和伴随心血管疾病与焦虑相关，而女性、年长和伴随心血管疾病与抑郁亦相关。结论高血压病患者焦虑与抑郁的发生率较高，吸烟、血压控制不佳和伴随心血管疾病与焦虑相关，女性、年龄和伴随心血管疾病与抑郁亦相关，医生应把识别和治疗焦虑、抑郁作为高血压病诊治的“常规”。

Anxiety and depression among people with primary hypertension : A case-control study of prevalence and associated factors

Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and to identify their associated factors among people with primary hypertension. Methods We conducted a case-control study in Fucheng district of Mianyang city. In all, 340 patients with primary hypertension and 250 healthy physical examinees as control subjects were included in this study. Anxiety and depression were measured by using the Selfrating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）. Multivariable analysis using multiple logistic regression was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of various facors associated with anxiety and depesssion. Results In comparison with control subjects, a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression was observed in hypertensive patients（29.1% vs 2 % and 21.8% vs 1.2%, respectively）. Factors found to be independently associated with anxiety were smoking, BP〉140/90 mmHg and cardiovascular disease. For depression, being female, of older age, and cardiovascular disease were significantly associated. Conclusion This study identified that a large proportion of adults with primary hypertension had anxiety and/or depression, and identified factors associated with these entities. These results alert clinicians to identify and treat anxiety and depression as common components of hypertension care.