道地药材牛蒡子适宜产区划分

牛蒡子为两年生菊科植物牛蒡（ArctiumlappaL．）的干燥成熟果实，又名大力子。牛蒡在全国各地均有分布，据《中华人民共和国药典》记载，牛蒡子主要有四大产区：东北产区、华东产区、西南产区和华中产区。过去认为牛蒡子以浙江一带所产的为好，目前牛蒡子被认为是关药，以东北产的为佳。目前，有关牛蒡子的道地药材产区仍然存在争议。因此，科学划分牛蒡子的道地产区，不仅可以解决争议，而且对牛蒡的引种栽培具有重要的实践指导意义。本研究运用多元统计方法，确定影响牛蒡子道地性各环境因子的权重，在地理信息系统ArcGis9．0的支持下，进行牛蒡子产地适宜性划分，结果表明：牛蒡的最适宜分布区沿西南一东北方向呈现条带状分布，主要分布在东北、华北和西南地区。与《中华人民共和国药典》中记载的产区基本相近。但是，笔者的研究结果与药典记载也存在差异，华北（包括北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古）和西北（宁夏、新疆、陕西、甘肃）也是牛蒡的集中分布区；原来以浙江为主的华东产区，现在以山东为主；东北地区的吉林和黑龙江也是牛蒡子的主产区；西南地区牛蒡子的产区除了四川和重庆外，还包括云南和贵州；在华南和华中地区的分布较少。造成这种情况的原因可能是人为干扰（如人为拔除、除草剂的大量使用等）和气候变化影响。

Evaluation for Suitable Producing Area of A Medical Plant Arctium Lappa

Arctium lappa is a widespread species, mainly growing on roadside, barren land, grassland with south-facing slope, forest edge, and nearby residential land. According to the Chinese Medicine Code, it mainly distributes in Liaoning, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hubei province in china. In the past, Arctium lappa＇ s seed with good quality was considered from Zhejiang province. But now it is considered that the northeastern is the best place for Arctium lappa to grow. There is still a debate on the genuine production area of Aretium lappa. Therefore, scientifically zoning the genuine production area of Arctium lappa can not only solve the debate, but also have practical implications for the cultivation of Arctium lappa. In this paper, we determined the weights of the environmental factors that affect the genuine of Aretium lappa＇ s seed by using multivariable statistics, and divided the suitable production area of Arctium lappa with support of Arctic （version 9.0）. Our results showed that the most suitable distribution zone for Arctium lappa had a belt-like shape from southwestern to northeastern. Arctium lappa mainly distributes in the northeastern, northern and southwestern part of china. Our results were nearly consistent with the recorded production area of Aretium lappa in the Chinese Medicine Code. However, there exists a little difference from the recorded production area of Aretium lappa in the Chinese Medicine Code in that northern （including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Innermongolia） and northwestern （including Ninxia, Xinjiang, Shanxi and Ganshu） part of China were also distribution area for Arctium lappa. The core distribution region in eastern china shifted from Zhejiang to Shandong. Jilin and Hilongjiang province were also the main distribution area of Arctium lappa. Besides in Sichuan and Chongqing, Arctium lappa can grow well in Yunnan and Guizhou province. Arctium lappa seldom distribute in southern and central China. Human disturbances including artificial removal and use of herbicide, and climatic change may attribute to the change of distribution area of Arctium lappa.