^a Department of Anesthesiology/Pain Management, The Children's Hospital and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA (R.C., J.E.M.)

^b Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital and University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (J.E.M.), Denver, Colorado, USA

^c Department of Anesthesiology, USAF Academy Hospital, USAF Academy, Colorado, USA (H.E.)