重要环境因素致畸危险性的比较

我组从１９８７年７月１至１９９０年１２月在上海市区及郊县３６所医院中进行出生缺陷与药物及化学物联系的３２１８例对照调查研究，共收集缺陷病例组１６０９例，对照组３２１８例。经统计分析后发现孕期服用ＡＰＣ、安定、母亲孕期接触农药、有机溶剂、苯、合成树脂和噪声；父亲接触有害物（化学物及物理因素）及吸烟＞２０支／天，与出生缺陷间存在相关联系。同时也发现双亲家族遗传史、母亲孕次≥２次，母亲营养差，孕期患感冒、传染性肝炎、腹泻亦与出生缺陷之间存在联系。单因素与多因素分析结果的比数比（ＯＲ），反映了致畸因素与出生缺陷之间的联系与程度。结论认为环境因素中药物的致畸性明显低于工作中接触的化学物与物理因素。

The comparison between teratogenic risks of some environmental agents

A research was conducted in 36 hospitals of the downtown and suburban areas of Shanghai into the relationships between birth defects and druguse and chemical exposures during pregnancy in a case-control study,for the period July 1987-December 1990,The case group was composed of 1,609 subjects,and the control group 3,218 cases.On statistical analysis,it was found that a correlation existed between theintake of APC and diazepam,and the exposured to pesticides,organic solvents,benzene,synthetic resin and physical factors(noises)on the part of the mother,and the exposured to harmful chemicals and physical factors and the smoking of 20 of more cigarettes a day on the part of the father onthe one hand and birth defects of theother,It is also found that the familial hereditary history of the parents and multigravidity,malnutrition,common colds,hepatitis and diarrhea during pregnancy may also have related to the birth defects.The odds ratio(OR),as the results of single factor and multiple factors'analysis,reflected the association extent between terattogenic agents and birth defects,The conclusion is that the teratogenic risks of drugs were less than that of chemical and physical agents in the occupational exposures.