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福建泉州地区儿童变应性鼻炎变应原检测分析
引用本文:阙镇如,冉骞,林丹琪,张智斌,蔡继,许玉,黄钦辉. 福建泉州地区儿童变应性鼻炎变应原检测分析[J]. 中国医学装备, 2014, 0(2): 95-98
作者姓名:阙镇如  冉骞  林丹琪  张智斌  蔡继  许玉  黄钦辉
作者单位:解放军第180医院耳鼻咽喉科 福建 泉州 362000
摘    要:
目的:了解泉州地区儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)的变应原分布情况,为诊断、预防和治疗提供依据。方法:采用20种标准化变应原对泉州地区850例4~12岁拟诊为AR患儿进行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),分析不同年龄、不同性别和病情轻重程度的患儿在变应原阳性率分布上的差异。结果:SPT阳性率前5位的变应原分别为屋尘螨(占66.7%)、粉尘螨(占65.5%)、蟑螂(占32.8%)、海蟹(占18.2%)及海虾(占16.8%)。学龄前儿童SPT阳性率与学龄期儿童比较差异无统计学意义(x2=0.92, P>0.05);不同性别之间SPT阳性率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.86,P>0.05);有家族史和哮喘史的患儿的阳性率与无家族史和哮喘史的阳性率相比差异有统计学意义(x2=18.36,P<0.05)。结论:屋尘螨、粉尘螨、蟑螂、海蟹及海虾是泉州地区儿童AR的主要变应原,不同年龄阶段的患儿SPT阳性率相似,有家族史、哮喘史的患儿阳性率比无家族史、哮喘史的阳性率高。

关 键 词:儿童  鼻炎  变应性  季节性  常年性  变应原  流行病学  皮肤点刺试验

Analysis of allergen in children with allergic rhinitis in Fujian Quanzhou
Abstract:
Objective: To understand distribution of allergens in patients of children with allergic rhinitis(AR) in Quanzhou, for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Methods:Using 20 standardized allergen underwent skin prick testing (skin prick test, SPT) for 850 patients of children aged 4~12 years with suspected AR patients in Quanzhou, analysis of different age, gender and severity in patients of children with allergen distribution differences of positive rate. Results:The top 5 allergens with positive skin tests were D.pteronyssinus(66.7%), D.farinae(65.5%), Blattodea(32.8%), Sea crab(18.2%), and Sea lobster(16.8%), The positive rate of SPT in the preschool children and school school children had significant difference (x2=0.92, P>0.05); gender difference between the positive rate of SPT had no significant difference(x2=0.86, P>0.05);there is a family history of asthma and in patients with a history of positive rate and without a family history and history of asthma rates compared to the difference was statistically significant (x2=18.36, P<0.05). Conclusion:This study showed that the Dust Mite, Blattodea, Sea crab, Sea lobster are the most important allergens of children with allergic rhinitis(AR) in quanzhou, Different ages of the patients with SPT positive rates Similar, a family history, history of asthma patients with positive rate than patients without a family history of asthma history, high positive rate.
Keywords:Children  Rhinitis  Allergic  Seasonal  Perennial  Allergens  Epidemiology  Skin prick test
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