骨骼肌卫星细胞异体移植对周围神经缺损后再生的影响

背景：有研究表明肌卫星细胞不仅在体外具有较强的增殖能力及适应能力，而且在异体内免疫原性低，免疫排斥反应低，移植后存活时间长。因此设想肌卫星细胞异体移植在促进缺损神经再生等方面可能具有良好的研究和应用前景。 目的：探讨骨骼肌卫星细胞移植对周围神经缺损后再生修复的影响。 方法：将16只Wistar大鼠随机分成移植组与对照组，每组8只，均切断右后肢坐骨神经，并通过生物可降解膜包裹缺损神经断端形成神经再生室。用微量注射器抽取已配制成的肌干细胞悬液0.2 mL注入移植组的神经再生室内。对照组注入等量的生理盐水。术后4，8和12周进行大鼠行步态测定，并用锇酸染色法制片观察缺损神经再生情况。观测大鼠坐骨神经功能指数、腓肠肌湿质量恢复率、再生的有髓神经纤维数量和直径及髓鞘厚度的变化。 结果与结论：大鼠经肌卫星细胞移植后腓肠肌湿质量残存率、再生的有髓神经纤维数目、直径及髓鞘厚度等项检测指标与对照组相比均差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。术后8和12周，移植组坐骨神经功能指数恢复情况明显优于对照组(P < 0.05)。实验结果提示在神经再生室中加入肌卫星细胞能促进缺损神经纤维的再生及其结构的成熟。 关键词：肌卫星细胞；生物可降解膜；异体；细胞移植；周围神经缺损；神经再生

Effect of skeletal satellite cells allotransplantation on regeneration of damaged sciatic nerve

BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that skeletal satellite cells not only have strong proliferative and adaptive abilities in vitro, but also exhibit low immunogenicity, few immunologic rejection and long survival time after allotransplantation. Accordingly, it is suppose that allotransplantation of skeletal satellite cells may promote regeneration of damaged sciatic nerve. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of skeletal satellite cells transplantation on regeneration of damaged sciatic nerve. METHODS: A total of 16 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the transplantation and control groups. The sciatic nerve of right posterior limb was cut off, and then the end of defect nerve was packaged with the biodegradable membrane to form the regenerative chamber of defect nerve. Liquid containing satellite cells (0.2 mL) were injected into the regenerative room in the transplantation group. The physiological saline was injected into same position in the control group. At 4, 8 and l2 weeks after operation, the rats gait were calculated and the regenerated nerve were observed by OSO4 staining. The function index of sciatic nerve, recovery rate of wet nerve gastrocnemius, and the changes of number, diameter and thickness of regenerated myelinated nerve fiber were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The remaining rate of wet weight of gastrocnemius, quantity, diameter and thickness of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers between the transplantation and control groups had significant difference (P < 0.05). The recovery of function index of sciatic nerve in the transplantation group was obviously superior to that of the control group at 8 and 12 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). Thus, It is considered that skeletal satellite cell which was transplanted into nerve regeneration chamber can promote regeneration and mature of the defect nerve.