急性乳腺炎患者脓液病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨急性乳腺炎脓液细菌培养菌群分布特点和耐药情况,分析耐药谱变化的趋势,为临床合理使用抗菌药物治疗急性乳腺炎提供循证学依据。方法对207例急性乳腺炎患者脓液进行细菌培养。采用手工试验及DL-96系统相结合的方法进行细菌鉴定和抗菌药物敏感性试验,部分药敏试验结合K-B纸片扩散法。结果 207份标本中共检出82株病原菌,检出率为39.6%。其中金黄色葡萄球菌51株,占62.2%;铜绿假单胞菌7株,占8.5%;中间葡萄球菌4株,占4.9%;表皮葡萄球菌4株,占4.9%;产酸克雷伯菌3株,占3.7%;溶血葡萄球菌等其他13种菌种各检出1株。金黄色葡萄球菌对阿奇霉素耐药率为92.2%,对红霉素耐药率为84.3%,对克拉霉素耐药率为84.3%,提示金黄色葡萄球菌对大环内酯类药物总体耐药率较高,不宜选用;莫西沙星耐药率为3.9%,环丙沙星耐药率为4.1%,MRSA(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)检出率为27.5%。铜绿假单胞菌对替卡西林/克拉维酸耐药率为85.7%,头孢哌酮耐药率为83.3%,庆大霉素、阿米卡星耐药率为71.4%;氨曲南耐药率为14.3%,头孢他啶耐药率为28.6%,美罗培南耐药率为28.6%。结论急性乳腺炎患者脓液以金黄色葡萄球菌检出为最多,其次为铜绿假单胞菌,与其他文献报道略有不同,显示出细菌分布的地域性差别;金黄色葡萄球菌对大环内酯类药物耐药率较高,对莫西沙星、环丙沙星敏感率较高;铜绿假单胞菌对替卡西林/克拉维酸、头孢哌酮耐药率较高;对氨曲南、头孢他啶、美罗培南敏感率较高。经验用药宜结合金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌两者耐药谱综合考虑,药敏试验确定后宜根据药敏结果选用敏感药物进行目标用药。

Analysis on distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria of pus in patients with acute mastitis

Objective To explore the bacterial flora distribution characteristics and drug resistance of pus bacterial culture in a‐cute mastitis and to analyze thechange trend of drug resistance spectrum to provide a evidence‐based basis for the rational use of an‐timicrobial agents in clinic .Methods The pus collected from 207 cases of acute mastitis was conducted the bacterial culture .The bacterial identification and antibacterial susceptibility test were performed by adopting the manual experiment combined with the DL‐96 system .Partial drug susceptibility test was performed by combining with the K‐B method .Results Among 207 specimens , 82 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected with the detection rate of 39 .6% ,including 51 strains (62 .2% ) of staphylococcus aureus ,7 strains (8 .5% ) of pseudomonas aeruginosa ,4 strains (4 .9% ) of staphylococcus intermedius ,4 strains (4 .9% ) of staphy‐lococcus epidermis ,3 strains (3 .7% ) of acid‐producing klebsiella bacteria and each 1 strain of staphylococcus hemolyticus and other 13 kinds of bacterium .The resistance rates of staphylococcus aureus to azithromycin ,erythromycin and clarithromycin were 92 .2% ,84 .3% and 84 .3% respectively ,indicating that macrolides drugs had a higher overall drug resistance rate and were not suitable for selection and use;the resistance rates of moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 3 .9% and 4 .1% respectively ,the MRSA detection rate was 27 .5% .The resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid was 85 .7% ;the drug resitance rate of cefoperazone was 83 .3% ;which of gentamycin and amikacin was 71 .4% ;which of aztreonam was 14 .3% ;which of ceftazidime was 28 .6% and which of meropenem was 28 .6% .Conclusion The majority of detected bacteria in pus from the pa‐tients with acute mastitis are Staphylococcus aureus ,followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa ,which is different from that reported by other literatures ,showing the bacterial distribution has regional difference .Staphylococcus aureus has high resistance rate to macrol‐ides antibacterial drugs ,but is highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin;Pseudomonas aeruginosa has higher resistant rate to ticarcillin/clavulanic and cefoperazone ,but it is highly sensitive to aztreonam ,ceftazidime and meropenem .Empirical medication should be comprehensively considered by combining with drug resistance spectrum of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,and the sensitive drugs should be selected according to the drug susceptibility results after the antimicrobial susceptibili‐ty test for conducting the targeted medication .