经食管实时三维超声在成人房间隔缺损封堵术术前评估中的应用

目的 探讨经食管实时三维超声心动图(RT-3D-TEE) 在成人房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术前评估中的应用价值。方法 43例经胸二维超声(2D-TTE)拟诊为继发孔型ASD的成人患者进行了RT-3D-TEE检查,重点观察ASD缺损口的形态,测量ASD最大径、缺损口形态及各方位的残缘及与腔静脉的距离。筛选可封堵的病例行经导管ASD封堵术,分析缺损最大径与封堵器型号的平均绝对误差,以评价各种成像方法测量的准确性。结果 3例ASD过大,RT-3D-TEE未能获得完整的三维重建图、1例经TEE诊为原发孔型ASD未入组；39 例RT-3D-TEE 显示满意,确诊为继发孔型ASD(以下简称ASD),其中 27 例ASD形态为椭圆形,6 例为类圆形,1 例为筛孔型,5例为不规则型；16例ASD各方位有较完整的残缘,23例存在一侧以上的残缘缺失；临床根据RT-3D-TEE检查ASD大小、形态及各方位残缘等条件筛选后,有23例进行了经导管ASD封堵术,成功21例(成功率91.3%,21／23),未成功的2例及未进行封堵术的6例(共8例)进行了外科修补术,11例出院择期治疗或放弃治疗。RT-3D-TEE测量的缺损最大径和封堵器直径的平均绝对差值小于TTE、TEE-Xplane(经食管双平面成像)这两种方法的结果,且差异有统计学意义( p<0.05)。结论 RT3D-TEE能清晰显示ASD的三维重建切面,逼真地显示ASD的形状,直观、精准测量缺损口的各种径线,在封堵术前评估内科导管介入封堵和外科修补治疗方案选择中有更重要的指导价值。

The application of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the preoperative evaluation for transcatheter closure of adult atrial septal defects

0bjective The purpose of this study was (i) to investigate the value of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D-TEE) in the preoperative evaluation for percutaneous transcatheter closure of secundum adult atrial septal defect (ASD) and (ii) to compare ASD dimensions measured by RT-3D-TEE, transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) and bi-plane transesophageal echocardiography(TEE-Xplane).