一次性医疗用品与复用医疗用品成本效益研究

目的研究一次性医疗用品(一次性导尿包、一次性换药包、一次性呼吸机管道、一次性塑料鞋套)与复用医疗用品(导尿包、换药包、呼吸机管道、复用拖鞋)成本效益,探讨一次性医疗用品与复用医疗用品经济效益与社会效益的利与弊。方法采取作业成本法和定性分析法将供应室的生产活动看成是由一系列的作业所组成的,完成一项作业消耗一定的资源,并根据产品生产的特点和成本管理的不同要求,对产品成本结构进行系统归纳,核算出实际成本。计算复用医疗用品替代一次性医疗用品减少的医疗废物产生量。结果复用导尿包成本12.15元/套,一次性导尿包成本16.00元/套,节省成本3.85元/套;复用换药包成本6.07元/套,一次性换药包成本5.50元/套,增加成本0.57元/套;复用呼吸机管道成本68.47元/套,一次性呼吸机管道成本80.00元,节省成本11.53元/套;复用拖鞋成本0.03元/双·次,一次性塑料鞋套成本0.17元/双,节省成本0.14元/双·次。假设以上医疗用品复用替代一次性使用,以某院为例,2014年节约费用187 409.50元,减少的医疗废物量30 839.6 kg;2015年节约费用133 243.64元,减少的医疗废物量43 517.5 kg。结论复用医疗用品的成本低于一次性医疗用品的成本,推广使用复用医疗用品可以降低医疗成本,减少患者医疗费用,减少医疗废物产生,同时可节约国家有限的资源。

Cost benefit analysis on disposable medical supplies and reusable medical supplies

ObjectiveTo study the cost benefit of disposable medical supplies (disposable urinary catheter package, disposable dressing exchange package, disposable ventilator tube, disposable plastic shoe cover) and reusable medical supplies (urinary catheter package, dressing exchange package, ventilator tube, slipper), evaluate advantages and disadvantages of economic benefits and social benefits of disposable medical supplies and reusable medical supplies.MethodsThe production activities in the central sterile supply department were regard a series of activities by using activity based costing method and qualitative analysis, completing a task consumed a certain amount of resources, according to producing characteristics of supplies and different requirements of cost management, product cost structure was systematically summarized, the actual cost was calculated. The amount of medical waste produced by reusable medical supplies instead of disposable medical supplies was calculated.ResultsThe cost of reusable and disposable urinary catheter package were 12.15 Yuan/set and 16.00 Yuan/set respectively, cost saving was 3.85 Yuan/set; cost of reusable and disposable dressing exchange package were 6.07 Yuan/set and 5.50 Yuan/set respectively, increase of cost was 0.57 Yuan/set; cost of reusable and disposable ventilator tube were 68.47 Yuan/set and 80.00 Yuan/set respectively, cost saving was 11.53 Yuan/set; cost of reusable slipper and disposable plastic shoe cover were 0.03 Yuan/pair and 0.17 Yuan/pair respectively, cost saving was 0.14 Yuan/pair. Supposing the above medical supplies were reused instead of single used, taking a hospital as an example, cost saving in 2014 was 187 409.50 Yuan, and the amount of medical waste was reduced by 30 839.6 kg; cost saving in 2015 was 133 243.64 Yuan, the amount of medical waste was reduced by 43 517.5 kg.ConclusionThe cost of reusable medical supplies is lower than that of disposable medical supplies, promoting the use of reusable medical supplies can reduce cost of medical treatment, reduce medical expenses of patients, reduce producing of medical waste, and save limited resources of country.