中国非高碘地区人群膳食碘摄入量评估

目的评估中国非高碘地区(水碘含量<150μg/L)人群膳食碘摄入量不足的潜在风险。方法利用中国营养与健康状况调查资料、食盐消费量数据和饮用水推荐摄入量,以及中国食物成分表及盐碘和水碘监测数据,估计我国非高碘地区13个性别-年龄组人群在食用加碘食盐和不加碘食盐情形下的膳食碘摄入量,并与我国的膳食碘摄入量推荐标准进行比较。结果在非高碘地区食用加碘盐情况下,虽然人群的平均碘摄入量均高于推荐摄入量(RNI),但碘摄入量超过最高耐受摄入量(UL)的比例平均为5.8%,而低于RNI的比例平均为13.4%,并且18岁以上成人(含孕妇和乳母)低于平均需要量(EAR)的比例为9.4%,且食盐对膳食碘的贡献率远高于饮用水和各类食物;在非高碘地区食用不加碘盐的情况下,虽然多数性别-年龄组人群的平均碘摄入量高于RNI,但摄入量低于RNI的平均比例高达97.6%,其中18岁以上成人(含孕妇和乳母)低于EAR的比例为97.4%,且各类食物合并的平均碘贡献率高于饮用水。结论中国非高碘地区居民碘缺乏的健康风险大于碘过量的健康风险,这在食用不加碘食盐的情况下尤为明显;加碘食盐应当是非高碘地区居民膳食碘的最主要来源。

Assessment of dietary iodine intake of population in non-high-iodine areas in China

Objective To assess the potential risk of dietary iodine insufficiency of population in non-high-iodine areas(water iodine < 150μg/L) in China.Method The dietary iodine intake of 13 age-sex population groups were estimated by combining the data of iodine intake from food,table salt and drinking water.Two conditions were considered: consuming iodized salt or non-iodized salt.The data of food and table salt consumption were derived from the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2002.Water consumption was calculated as the recommended water intake.Iodine contents of food,table salt and water were calculated from China Food Composition Table and iodine surveillance data.Results Under the condition of consuming iodized salt,the average iodine intake of all population groups was higher than the Recommended Nutrient Intake(RNI),while the iodine intakes of individuals above Upper Limits(UL) and below RNI were 5.8% and 13.4% respectively,and the iodine intake of individuals lower than the Estimated Average Requirement(EAR) was 9.4% in adults above 18 years of age(including pregnant and lactating women).If non-iodized salt was consumed,the average iodine intake of most sex-age population groups was higher than RNI,but the iodine intake of 97.6% of individuals would be lower than RNI,while the iodine intake of 97.4% of adults would be lower than EAR.The contribution of iodine from table salt was much higher than that from drinking water and food in the condition of consuming iodized salt,while food was the predominant contributor of dietary iodine in the condition of consuming non-iodized salt.Conclusion The health risk of iodine deficiency was higher than that of iodine excess in areas where water iodine was < 150μg/L in China,and the risk of iodine insufficiency was much higher if non-iodized salt was consumed.Iodized salt should be the main sources of dietary iodine intake for population in areas where water iodine was < 150μg/L in China.