难治性慢性鼻-鼻窦炎与细菌生物膜

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）是鼻腔和鼻窦黏膜的慢性炎症，症状持续至少12周，是宿主和环境多因素相互作用的结果。CRS是耳鼻咽喉科的常见疾病，最近有报道指出美国CRS患病率大于16％，

Refractory chronic rhinosinusitis and bacterial biofilm

Summary Chronic rhinosinusitis（CRS） is a common disease in otolaryngology, and with the development of the therapy technology, most of the cases have reached a cure. But there are still some intractable cases in clinic, signs and symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis of which still persist after the standardized drugs and technically adequate endoscopic sinus surgery, and this part is clinically named refractory chronic rhinosinusitis（RCRS）. In re cent studies of the pathogenesis of RCRS, bacterial biofilm（BBF） is attracting more attention. The main emphasis of this review will be to highlight the biological characteristics of BBF, the relationship of BBF and CRS and treatment strategies of BBF positive CRS.