改良切口的乳腺癌术后乳房再造探讨

目的 探讨改良乳腺癌手术切口术中即刻行横行腹直肌肌皮瓣（transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous，TRAM）乳房再造的可行性及美学效果。方法 2001年1月-2006年10月，收治乳腺癌患者77例，均为女性；年龄26～53岁，平均45岁。左侧39例，右侧38例。病程1～180d。乳腺癌临床分期：Ⅰ期11例，Ⅱ期60例，Ⅲ期6例。肿块大小1～4cm，其中外上象限34例，外下象限15例，内上象限22例，内下象限6例。组织病理检查：浸润性导管癌60例，导管内癌12例，浸润性小叶癌5例；腋窝淋巴结阳性29例，阳性淋巴结数1～7个。阴性48例。其中35例为常规梭形乳腺癌切口：42例为距肿瘤边缘2cm圆形改良乳腺癌手术切口，改良切口中肿瘤位于内上、内下及外下象限时采用腋下切口进行淋巴结清扫，其中保留乳头乳晕切口10例。术后依据再造乳房外形、大小、位置、对称性以及切口瘢痕进行评分，3分以上为满意。结果 术后6例发生皮瓣边缘部分坏死，坏死率7．79％，其余皮瓣顺利成活。术后随访13～72个月，平均39个月。76例患者未出现复发和转移，1例患者出现远处转移。42例改良切口患者再造乳房评分3分以上40例，再造乳房外形满意率为95．24％：35例常规梭形乳腺癌切口患者再造乳房评分3分以上31例，再造乳房外形满意率为88．57％。结论 依据不同肿瘤位置选择改良乳腺癌手术切口有利于缩小再造乳房切口瘢痕，提高再造乳房外形满意率。

A CLINIC STUDY OF TRANSVERSE RECTUS ABDOMINIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP IN IMMEDIATE BREAST RECONSTRUCTION WITH REFINED BREAST INCISIONS OF BREAST MASTECTOMY

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the aesthetic effect and application of refined incisions in breast reconstruction for breast cancer patients by the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap. METHODS: From January 2001 to October 2006, 77 cases with breast cancer were treated with TRAM flap to immediate breast recontruction. The patients were all females, with an average age of 45 years (ranging from 26 years to 53 years). There were 39 cases of left breast and 38 cases of right breast. The disease course was from 1 day to 180 days. There were 11 cases of stage I, 60 cases of stage II and 6 cases of stage III, among which 34 cases were located in the upper outer quadrant, 15 in the lower outer quadrant, 22 in the upper inner quadrant and 6 in the lower inner quadrant. The size of tumors varied from 1 cm to 4 cm. As to the pathologic type, 60 cases were invasive ductal cancers, 12 ductal cancers in situ, 5 invasive lobular cancers; positive lymph node (number: 1-7) happened in 29 cases, while negative lymph node happened in 48 cases. Among the 77 cases, regular shuttle incisions were performed in 35 cases, and refined circle incisions were performed in 42 cases, which were 2 cm away from the breast tumor border. Axillary incision was necessary for the breast tumors located in upper inner, lower inner and upper outer quadrants in order to perform axillary mastectomy. Ten cases were nipple-areola sparing. The shape, symmetry and incision scar of the reconstructed breast were evaluated and graded. RESULTS: There were 6 cases out of 77 cases of breast reconstruction in which partial necrosis happened and the necrosis rate was 7.79%. The time of follow-up was from 13 months to72 months, with an average of 39 months. No recurrence or matastasis happened in 76 cases, and distant metastasis happened only in 1 case. There were 40 cases out of 42 cases with refined incisions which were scored more than 3, and the satisfaction rate was 95.24%. There were 31 cases out of 35 cases with regular incisions which were scored more than 3, and the satisfaction rate was 88.57%. CONCLUSION: The reasonable refined incision based on the location of the tumor is effective to improve the satisfaction rate for the shape of the reconstructed breast.