戊型肝炎研究进展

全球每年约2 000万人感染戊型肝炎病毒（HEV），虽然戊型肝炎病死率在一般人群中低于1%，但HEV感染妊娠患者的病死率可高达30%。此外，免疫功能低下人群（器官移植、放化疗和HIV感染等）HEV感染所导致的慢性戊型肝炎给临床治疗带来新的问题和挑战。过去仅有戊型肝炎病例输入的发达国家，近年来亦频繁出现本土散发病例，HEV感染已成为全球重要的公共卫生问题。本文关注近两年来的研究数据，回顾HEV生物学、流行病学特征、肝外表现、治疗及诊断的最新进展，阐明戊型肝炎的研究方向是在与人类生活密切接触的偶蹄类动物中寻找新orthohepevirus基因型；更好地了解准包膜HEV（eHEV）包膜起源和结构以及参与eHEV释放和重返细胞宿主因素/途径，有助于靶向治疗性干预。

Recent advances on hepatitis E

There are about 20 million people infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the world every year. Although the mortality rate of hepatitis E is less than 1% in the general population, the mortality rate of pregnant women with hepatitis E can be as high as 30%. In addition, chronic hepatitis E caused by HEV infection in immunocompromised population (organ transplantation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, HIV, etc.) brings new problems and challenges to clinical treatment. In the past, only developed countries with imported cases, frequent sporadic cases of local infections in recent years, HEV infection has become an important global public health problem. This paper reviews the data of the last two years and reported the new progress of HEV biology epidemiology, the extrahepatic manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. This article suggests that the direction of hepatitis E research is to search for new orthohepevirus genotypes in the genes of the hoofed animals closely related to human life. For targeted therapies, it is necessary to understand the origin and structure of the quasi enveloped hepatitis E virus (quasi-enveloped HEV, eHEV) and to participate in eHEV release and return to host cytokine and pathway.