大鼠门静脉系统血栓形成模型的建立和观察

目的:评价间断结扎阻断门静脉的方法建立大鼠门静脉系统血栓(PVT)形成模型的可行性。方法:将90只SD大鼠随机均分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用间断结扎阻断门静脉的方法诱导PVT,对照组仅开腹后行门静脉系统的游离。于术前、术后30 min以及术后3、6、12、24 h用血管超声多普勒观察两组PVT形成情况,测定两组大鼠静脉血P-选择素、D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原含量,并于24 h后处死所有大鼠,肉眼观察两组大鼠PVT形成情况同时行病理学检查。结果:术后实验组大鼠死亡5只,未形成血栓大鼠6只,形成稳定的PVT大鼠34只(75.56%);对照组大鼠死亡2只,形成少量附壁血栓大鼠3只,未形成血栓大鼠40只,两组PVT形成率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组大鼠血栓长度随时间推移逐渐增大。两组大鼠血栓形成相关指标在术前、术后30 min及术后3 h差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),但在术后6 h后各时间点实验组均明显高于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:采用间断结扎阻断门静脉的方法可以建立稳定、符合临床实际的PVT大鼠模型,P-选择素、D-二聚体及纤维蛋白原含量可作为参考指标。

Establishment and observation of portal vein thrombosis model in rats

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of establishing portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in rats by repeated interruption of the portal vein. Methods: Ninety SD rats were randomly and equally divided into experimental group and control group. Rats in experimental group underwent repeated ligation of the portal vein for induction of PVT, and those in control group underwent exposure of the portal vein after laparotomy. At preoperative and postoperative 30 min as well as postoperative 3, 6, 12 and 24 h, the PVT formation in the two groups of rats was observed by vascular Doppler ultrasound, and the levels of P-selectin, D-dimer and fibrinogen in the venous blood of the rats were determined. All rats were sacrificed 24 h after operation, and PVT formation was observed by gross examination and pathological examination was also performed. Results: In experimental group, 5 rats died, 6 rats did not have PVT formation and 34 rats (75.56%) developed stable PVT at 24 h after operation; in control group, 2 rats died, a small amount of mural thrombus was seen in 3 rats and no thrombosis was observed in the other 40 rats, and the difference in PVT formation had statistical significance between the two groups (P<0.05). The length of the thrombus in rats of experimental group was gradually increased with time prolongation. The variables associated with thrombosis showed no significant difference between the two groups at preoperative 30 min and postoperative 30 min and 3 h (all P>0.05), but they were significantly higher in experimental group than those in control group at each time point from postoperative 6 h (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Repeated interruption of the portal vein can generate a stable and clinical relevant PVT model in rats. P-selectin level, D-dimer content and fibrinogen content can be used as reference indexes.