高原病的发病机制及防治研究进展

海拔在3 000 m以上的地区,称为高原地区.其特点为气压和氧分压均低,易导致人体缺氧.如未能习服,可引起高原病.高原病的发病机制主要由于高原低氧血能导致脑和肺微循环的过分充盈,而发生高原脑水肿和高原肺水肿.治疗主要是尽速转移至低地或用轻便加压舱以及采用药物(乙酰唑胺和地塞米松),充分给氧.预防采用逐渐登高习服、锻炼、多食碳水化合物,给予高量抗氧化营养素或食用中等量抗氧化物质,如维生素C、E、硒等.

Current Research on the Pathogenesis,Treatment and Prevention of High Altitude Sickness

The land with altitude of 3000m or more is Known as high altitude land. The characteristic is low atmospheric pressure and partial pressure of oxygen. If lack of acclimatization, it may cause human hypoxia and high altitude sickness. Its mechanism is high altitude hypoxemia, resulting in overperfusion of cerebral and lung microcirculation, and furthermore causes high altitude cerebral edema and lung edema. Treatment is to descend patients as soon as possible or/and use of portable hyperbaric chamber, medications (acetaminophen and dexamethasone) and oxygen therapy if necessary. The best method of preventing against high altitude sickness is to ascend slowly, allowing time for acclimatization, to exercise and to eat food containing high amount of carbohydrates and antionidant nutrients, to consume moderate amounts of an antioxidant supplement such as vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium etc.