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Determinants of bone strength and fracture incidence in adult Finns: Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (the GENDI pQCT study) |
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| Authors: | Marika M. L. Laaksonen Harri Sievänen Sanna Tolonen Vera Mikkilä Leena Räsänen Jorma Viikari Terho Lehtimäki Mika Kähönen Olli T. Raitakari |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 2. Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland 3. University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 4. UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland 5. Department of Medicine, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland 6. Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland 7. Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland 8. Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland |
| Abstract: | SummaryPeripheral bone strength and fracture risk were studied in young adult Finns. Peripheral bone measures were associated with risk factors of osteoporosis in young adults and discriminated between those with and without low-energy fractures. In men, trabecular bone loss at peripheral bone sites starts before the age of 40 years.PurposeThis is a cross-sectional study of the determinants of bone strength and fracture risk in young Finns using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS).MethodspQCT scans were performed in 1,884 subjects at distal and shaft sites of non-dominant radius and left tibia, and QUS measures (n?=?1,415) at the left calcaneus. Lifestyle factors and medical conditions affecting bone health were assessed with questionnaires.ResultsIn men, the youngest age cohort had the lowest trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at radius and tibia (difference between the youngest and the oldest, 4.4% and 5.6%, respectively, P?P?=?0.016). In women, bone traits did not differ by age groups. When sexes were pooled, underweight (relative risk (RR)?=?2.95, P?P?=?0.036), smoking (1.29, P?=?0.025), Crohn’s disease or inflammatory bowel syndrome (2.43, P?=?0.016), epilepsy (2.54, P?=?0.011), use of corticosteroids (2.01, P?P?=?0.045) increased the risk of low trabecular vBMD. RRs for low-energy fractures were excess alcohol intake (2.58, P?=?<0.001), anorexia (3.74, P?=?0.041) and hypogonadism (2.08, P?=?0.015). Same risk factors predicted BMD and fractures in both sexes. Trabecular bone mineral content, vBMD and bone strength index showed greatest differences (4–9%; P?Conclusions Peripheral QCT traits are associated with common risk factors of osteoporosis in young Finns and discriminate between those with and without low-energy fractures. In men, trabecular bone loss at peripheral bone sites starts before the age of 40 years. |
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