婴幼儿肺气漏的X线与CT表现

目的分析婴幼儿肺气漏的X线与CT表现,提高对该病的认识。资料与方法回顾性分析23例婴幼儿肺气漏的X线与CT表现,包括肺间质积气7例、纵隔积气12例、气胸14例。其中肺间质积气与纵隔积气和/或气胸共存5例,气胸合并纵隔积气5例,纵隔积气并发皮下积气7例。结果肺间质积气表现为自肺门向外放射状分布的条索状、不规则囊状透亮影。纵隔积气表现为上纵隔旁和/或内部纵行条带状、不规则囊状透亮影、"胸腺帆征"、上纵隔透亮度增高。气胸表现为一侧肺野透亮度增高、心脏、纵隔边缘条带状透亮影、下肺野透亮度增高并膈上条带状透亮影。结论X线及CT对多数婴幼儿肺气漏的类型、程度可以做出正确诊断;CT还可以清楚显示多种气漏的并存及扩散途径。

X-ray and CT Manifestations of Pulmonary Air Leaks in Infants

Objective To analyze chest X-ray and CT imaging for evaluation of pulmonary air leaks in infants.Materials and Methods The X-ray and CT findings of 23 infants with pulmonary air leaks were analyzed retrospectively,there was pulmonary interstitial emphysema in 7 cases,pneumomediastinum in 12 cases,and pneumothorax in 14 cases.Pneumothorax combined with pneumomediastinum was in 5 cases.Pneumomediastinum combined with subcutaneous emphysema around neck and/or chest was in 7 of 12 cases.Results Pulmonary interstitial emphysema showed bubble-like or linear lucencies radiated from hilar on chest radiographs.Pneumomediastinum showed Stripe,linear and masslike lucencies around/in superior mediastina,thymus gland elevated(thymic sail sign),and hyperlucency of superior mediastina.Pneumothorax showed hyperlucent unilateral lung field,stripe radiolucent belts around mediastina and hearts,and hyperlucent lower lung fields combined with radiolucent belts above diaphragms.Conclusion Plain chest X-ray and CT are valuable for most of pulmonary air leaks in infants.CT can also show all kinds of air leaks and provide more correlative information.