间斑寇蛛毒致大鼠肾损伤的组织病理及超微结构观察

目的：观察间斑寇蛛毒对肾脏损伤的作用方式,为今后间斑寇蛛毒致肾损伤干预措施提供理论依据.方法：将雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分为对照组、（10μ1/kg、40μl/kg、100μl/kg、300μl/kg）剂量毒素组,并以间斑寇蛛毒素进行足底注射,24h后处死后,对肾脏组织病理行光镜（HE、PAS、PASM、Mas-son染色、银染）和电镜检查.结果：①各剂量的毒素组均表现出肾小囊内出血,肾小管水肿的急性肾损伤特征.②100μl/kg、300μ 1/kg毒素剂量组观察到肾小囊内大量出血,部分肾单位内血球管萎缩消失,肾小管管壁正常结构消失,肾小管上皮细胞脱落,细胞核溶解消失.③各组肾单位内基膜、系膜及胶原纤维结构未观察到异常变化,无新月体的形成.④各剂量毒素组细胞超微结构均显示内皮细胞、系膜内有团块状电子致密物的沉积,肾单位内毛细血管腔阻塞.⑤100μl/kg、300μ1/kg毒素剂量组观察到上皮细胞足突的消失,内质网吞噬体大量增加,滤过膜间隙增大,基膜及内皮细胞的脱落.结论：间斑寇蛛毒素可致大鼠的肾损伤,这种损伤作用是直接的,且损伤具有浓度依赖性.

Observation on Patho-architecture and Ultramicrostructure of the Harmful Effects from Latrotectus Tredecimguttatus of Toxin from Kidney of Rats

Objective ：To observe the harmful effects of latrotectus tredecimguttatus of xinjiang toxin on kidney, and to provide evidences for making intervention strategies. Methods Thirty-six SD rats were divided into S groups： control healthy rats （no.=4）,and four toxin-treated groups with different toxin dosage （10 μl/kg,40 μl/kg, 100 μl/kg, 300 μ l/kg, no=8）. The pathological characteristics of kidney were observed under light microscope, including HE staining, PAS, PASM, masson and silver staining. Further pathological changes were observed by electron microscopic techniques.Results （ 1 ）The four toxin treated groups displayed the features of renal capsule hemorrhage and renal tubular edema. （2）The symptoms observed in toxin treated groups with 100 μl/kg and 300 μl/kg dosage included： renal capsule bled badly, blood tubes inside part of nephrons atrophied and disappeared, normal structure of renal tubular wall disappeared, the epithelial cells in renal tubules dropped, and the nucleolus dissolved. （3） No abnormal phenomenon was observed in basal membrane, mesangial cells or collagen fiber in each nephron, without the formation of crescent. （4）All the toxin treated groups showed that crumbs of electron dense deposited in epithelial cells and mesangial ceils, with obstruction of capillary lumen in nephron. （5）The observations in toxin treated groups with 100μl/kg and 300 μl/kg dosage included pedocyte foot process effacement, large increase of phagosome, dilata- tion of filtration membrane gaps and the drops of basal membrane and epileptical ceils. Conclusionthe harmful effects from latrotectus tredecimguttatus of xinjiang toxin on kidney is exist,and this effects are immediate ,and it have the concentration dependent.