孤独症谱系障碍儿童辨认基本情绪面孔早期加工阶段的异常特征

目的 探讨孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童对基本情绪面孔的辨认能力以及在辨认基本情绪面孔的早期加工阶段可能存在的异常特征。方法 以中国人物静态表情图片为刺激材料，分析25名ASD儿童与22名年龄、性别匹配的普通儿童对4种基本情绪（害怕、高兴、生气和伤心）面孔的文字标签识别能力及脑电反应。结果 在总表情和害怕面孔的脑电反应中，对照组表现出大脑左侧颞区的N170潜伏期较右侧短（P < 0.05），而ASD组对情绪面孔的N170反应未显示出对照组的这种差异；且在总表情、害怕和高兴面孔下，ASD组左侧颞区的N170潜伏期较对照组长（P < 0.05），而在生气和害怕表情下也表现出右侧颞区的N170潜伏期长于对照组的趋势。结论 ASD儿童对基本情绪面孔在早期加工阶段的感知速度总体上偏慢，且对情绪面孔早期加工的偏侧化模式可能存在异常。

Abnormal processing characteristics to basic emotional faces in the early phase in children with autism spectrum disorder

Objective To explore the recognition ability and abnormal processing characteristics to basic emotional faces in the early phase in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).Methods Photos of Chinese static faces with four basic emotions (fearful, happy, angry and sad) were used as stimulus. Twenty-five ASD children and twenty-two age-and gender-matched typical developed children (normal controls) were asked to match the emotional faces with words. Event-related potential (ERP) data were recorded concurrently.Results N170 latencies for total emotion and fearful face in the left temporal region were faster than in the right one in normal controls (P < 0.05), but the results were not noted in ASD children. Further, N170 latencies in the left temporal region of ASD children were slower than normal controls for total emotion, fearful and happy faces (P < 0.05), and their N170 latencies in the right temporal region were prone to slower than normal controls for angry and fearful faces.Conclusions The holistic perception speed of emotional faces in the early cognitive processing phase in ASD children is slower than normal controls. The lateralized response in the early phase of recognizing emotional faces may be aberrant in children with ASD.