咖啡因对早产儿支气管肺发育不良的预防作用

随着危重早产儿及极早早产儿的抢救成功率不断增高，新生儿支气管肺发育不良（BPD）的发生率呈逐年增加的趋势。该病病死率高、遗留后遗症可能性大，严重影响存活早产儿的生存质量，并给患儿家庭带来严重负担，因此BPD的治疗至关重要。国内外学者对BPD治疗措施的意见尚不统一，但在近年来的研究中已证实咖啡因的早期使用具有预防BPD的作用。笔者查阅国内外对咖啡因预防BPD的最新研究，就咖啡因减少肺部炎症、改善肺损伤的形态学异常、减少氧化应激损伤、改善肺功能等方面，对咖啡因预防BPD的机制进行综述。

Preventive effect of caffeine on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

With the increase in the rescue success rate of critically ill preterm infants and extremely preterm infants, the incidence rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is increasing year by year. BPD has a high mortality rate and high possibility of sequelae, which greatly affects the quality of life of preterm infants and brings a heavy burden to their families, and so the treatment of BPD is of vital importance. At present, no consensus has been reached on the treatment measures for BPD. However, recent studies have shown that early application of caffeine can prevent BPD. With reference to the latest studies on the effect of caffeine in the prevention of BPD, this article reviews the mechanism of action of caffeine in reducing pulmonary inflammation, improving morphological abnormalities of lung injury, reducing oxidative stress injury, and improving pulmonary function.