中西部地区中小学生两周患病现状调查与分析

目的：了解中西部地区中小学生两周患病现状，为中小学校合理配置医疗卫生资源提供依据。方法：采用分层整群抽样方法，从甘肃、贵州、江西3省共抽取6 744名9.0~16.9岁中小学生为研究对象，调查其两周患病名称或症状、患病次数、医疗费用、因病休学情况。结果：中小学生两周患病主要为呼吸系统疾病，占73.6%，其次为消化系统疾病，占13.2%；到医疗机构就诊学生占58.9%，自觉服药或采取辅助药物治疗学生占39.9%，未治疗学生占1.2%。中小学生两周患病率为12.6%，两周患病次数为(1.34±0.81)次，次均费用为10.0元，次均休学天数为(0.39±0.98)；小学生两周患病次数为(1.37±0.87)次，次均费用12.0元，次均休学天数为(0.44±1.14)，分别高于中学生的(1.26±0.69)次，9.0元，(0.30±0.55) d(t=1.96，P=0.05；Z=2.01，P<0.05；t=2.30，P<0.05)。两周患病次数与次均费用、次均休学天数分别呈正相关(小学生：分别r=0.301，r=0.275，均P<0.01。中学生：分别r=0.334，r=0.290，均P<0.01)，次均费用与次均休学天数呈正相关(小学生r=0.312，中学生r=0.343，均P<0.01)。结论：中小学生两周患病呈现病症常见、多发、医疗费用低等特点，并且小学生的患病频次、费用、休学天数高于中学生。

Status of two-week illness for primary and secondary students in middle and west provinces

Objective: To explore the status of two-week illness in primary and secondary students and to provide the basis for rationally distributing heath resources in primary and secondary schools.Methods: Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 6 744 primary and secondary students aged from 9.0–16.9 years, and the name or symptoms of two-week illness, frequencies, medical expenses and days of sick leave were surveyed by using the self-made questionnaires.Results: Respiratory system disease (73.6%) and digestive system diseases (13.2%) were the major two-week illness. When they were ill, 58.9% students went to hospital, 39.9% took medicine by themselves, and 1.2% received non-treatment. The two-week morbidity, sick frequencies, average medical expenses per time and days of sick leave were 12.6%, (1.34±0.81) times, 10.0 yuan, and (0.39±0.98) days, respectively. The two-week sick frequencies, average medical expenses per time and days of sick leave among primary or secondary students were (1.37±0.87) or (1.26±0.69) times, 12.0 or 9.0 yuan, and (0.44±1.14) or (0.30±0.55) days, respectively. There was a positive correlation between two week sick frequencies and medical fees per time, or days of sick leave (r=0.301, r=0.275 for primary students, respectively, P<0.01; r=0.334, r=0.290 for secondary students, respectively, P<0.01). The positive correlation between medical fees per time and days of sick leave was also found (r=0.312, r=0.343 for primary students and secondary students, respectively, P<0.01).Conclusion: Characteristics of two-week illness among primary and secondary students possess common symptoms, frequent, low medical expenses per time. The frequencies, medical expenses and days of sick leave in primary students were increased compared with that in secondary students.