PI3K/Akt信号通路影响食管癌细胞生长的机制及中药干预作用研究进展

食管癌是我国肿瘤发病死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤之一,国家癌症中心2019年发布的中国最新癌症报告中显示,2015年食管癌患病人口达到了24.6万人,死亡人数高达18.8万人。如何有效的治疗食管癌,提高患者的生存率也是当今医学领域中亟待解决的首要问题之一。磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)信号通路是调节机体内细胞存活、分化及凋亡的重要信号通路之一,在各种癌症的发生及作用机制中起到了重要的作用。近年来的研究表明,PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活是调节食管癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、周期阻滞、迁移与侵袭的重要因素。长期的临床观察发现中药治疗食管癌作用平稳、毒副作用小,尤其在改善肿瘤患者的生活质量,延长患者生存期等方面作用独特、效果显著。用中药干预该信号通路以探索其对食管癌的作用机制是目前中药治疗食管癌的研究热点。本文对2009-2019年CNKI,Pubmed数据库中PI3K/Akt信号通路,食管癌,miRNA为关键词进行检索,共检索文献226篇,整理、归纳与中药,食管癌,miRNA,PI3K/Akt信号通路相关文献61篇。综述了PI3K/Akt信号通路在食管癌中的作用机制,miRNA与PI3K/Akt信号通路与食管癌发生发展的关系以及中药如何通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路中相关蛋白的表达而抑制细胞增殖、影响细胞生长周期、诱导细胞凋亡、诱导细胞自噬、抑制肿瘤的侵袭和转移、抑制血管生成等,最终对食管癌起到一定的改善作用。对中医药治疗食管癌提供理论基础以及科学依据。

Mechanism of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Affecting Growth of Esophageal Cancer Cell and Research Progress of Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Esophageal cancer is one of the malignant tumors with a high morbidity and mortality in China. According to China''s latest cancer report released by the National Cancer Center in 2019, the number of people suffering from esophageal cancer reached 246 000 in 2015, and the death toll reached 188 000. How to effectively treat esophageal cancer and improve the survival rate of patients is one of the most urgent problems in the field of medicine. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is one of the most important signaling pathway for regulating cell survival, differentiation and apoptosis in the body. It also plays an important role in the occurrence and mechanism of various cancers. Recent studies have shown that the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is an important factor in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, cycle arrest, migration and invasion of esophageal cancer cells. The long-term clinical observation found that traditional Chinese medicine has a stable effect in the treatment of esophageal cancer and little side effects, especially in improving the quality of life of cancer patients and prolonging the survival period of patients. At present, it is a research hotspot to intervene this signal pathway with traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of esophageal cancer, so as to explore its mechanism of action on esophageal cancer. This paper focused on literatures in CNKI and PubMed databases from 2009 to 2019, with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, esophageal cancer and miRNA as the key words. A total of 226 literatures were retrieved, and 61 literatures relating to traditional Chinese medicine, esophageal cancer, miRNA and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were sorted out and summarized. This paper reviewed the mechanism of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in esophageal cancer, the relationship between miRNA and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and esophageal cancer, and how traditional Chinese medicine can regulate the expressions of relevant proteins in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to inhibit cell proliferation, affect cell growth cycle, induce cell apoptosis, inducing cell autophagy, inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis, inhibit angiogenesis. Finally, it can improve esophageal cancer to provide theoretical basis and scientific basis for the treatment of esophageal cancer with traditional Chinese medicine.