Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanins on acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuation of scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil;2. Setor de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular do Laboratório de Terapia Celular, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil;3. Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Institute, University of Coimbra, 3004 Coimbra, Portugal;4. Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Capão do Leão, Pelotas RS 96010-900, Brazil;1. Department of Normal Physiology, Yaroslavl State Medical Academy, Revoliucionnaya 5, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia;2. Department of Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia;3. Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia;4. Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;1. Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico “C. Besta”, Milan, Italy;2. Scientific Department, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico “C. Besta”, Milan, Italy;3. Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands;4. Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands;5. SEIN – Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, The Netherlands;1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, Brazil;2. Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670901 Recife, Brazil;3. Unit of Medical Histology, Institute of Neuroscience and Dept Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain;1. Razi Drug Research Center & Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver CO 80208, United States;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver CO 80208, United States;3. Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver CO 80208, United States;4. Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver CO 80208, United States |
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| Abstract: | Anthocyanins are a group of natural phenolic compounds responsible for the color to plants and fruits. These compounds might have beneficial effects on memory and have antioxidant properties. In the present study we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of anthocyanins in an animal model of cognitive deficits, associated to Alzheimer's disease, induced by scopolamine. We evaluated whether anthocyanins protect the effects caused by SCO on nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels and Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (of rats. We used 4 different groups of animals: control (CTRL), anthocyanins treated (ANT), scopolamine-challenged (SCO), and scopolamine + anthocyanins (SCO + ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200 mg kg?1; oral), the animals were SCO injected (1 mg kg?1; IP) and were performed the behavior tests, and submitted to euthanasia. A memory deficit was found in SCO group, but ANT treatment prevented this impairment of memory (P < 0.05). The ANT treatment per se had an anxiolytic effect. AChE activity was increased in both in cortex and hippocampus of SCO group, this effect was significantly attenuated by ANT (P < 0.05). SCO decreased Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities in hippocampus, and ANT was able to significantly (P < 0.05) prevent these effects. No significant alteration was found on NOx levels among the groups. In conclusion, the ANT is able to regulate cholinergic neurotransmission and restore the Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities, and also prevented memory deficits caused by scopolamine administration. |
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| Keywords: | Anthocyanins Scopolamine Acetylcholinesterase Memory Anxiety-like behavior |
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