904例荨麻疹患者常见过敏原流行特征分析

目的:了解本地区荨麻疹患者常见过敏原的流行情况及变化趋势.方法:对2013年2月1日至2020年3月31日在本院就诊的904例荨麻疹患者19种过敏原特异性IgE(sIgE)筛查结果进行回顾性分析.结果:①sIgE总阳性率74.78％;食物性sIgE阳性率明显低于吸入性(x2=32.50,P<0.01).②不同性别患者s...

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of common allergens in 904 patients with urticaria

Objective:To understand the prevalence and variation of common allergens in urticaria patients in Zhengzhou area.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the results of 19 allergens specific IgE(sIgE)screening in 904 patients with urticaria in our hospital from February 2013 to March 2020.Results:①The total positive rate of sIgE was 74.78%.The positive rate of food-borne sIgE was lower than that of inhaled sIgE(χ²=32.50,P<0.01).②The positive rates of sIgE did not differ significantly between males and females(χ²=0.26,P=0.61).But positive rates of sIgE were significantly different between males and females for cockroach(χ²=5.94,P<0.05),felon herb(χ²=3.97,P<0.05),dog dander(χ²=5.17,P<0.05),egg(χ²=5.48,P<0.05),and peanut(χ²=5.04,P<0.05).③The positive rates of sIgE differed significantly among different age groups(χ²=10.28,P<0.05).The rate of food-borne sIgE varied with age(χ²=22.33,P<0.01),and rate in adult was lower than that in infancy and preschool age(P<0.05).Age-variation of positive rates of sIgE was also observed for egg(χ²=47.43,P<0.01),peanut(χ²=13.09,P<0.01),milk(χ²=20.02,P<0.01)and dust mite(χ²=33.92,P<0.01).④Overall positive rates of sIgE did not vary with seasons(χ²=3.18,P=0.36).But the positive rate of inhaled sIgE was different among seasons(χ²=13.72,P<0.01),and the rate in spring was higher than that in autumn(P<0.05).The rate of food-borne sIgE was also different among seasons(χ²=10.85,P<0.05),and the rate in autumn was higher than that in summer(P<0.05).Significant seasonal variation of positive rates included peanut sIgE(χ²=24.84,P<0.01),cat hair sIgE(χ²=21.66,P<0.01),felon herb sIgE(χ²=18.99,P<0.01),dog dander sIgE(χ²=21.25,P<0.01),ragweed sIgE(χ²=13.67,P<0.01),beef sIgE(χ²=9.91,P<0.05)and house dust sIgE(χ²=10.34,P<0.05).Conclusions:Inhaled allergens,mainly dust mite and cockroache,are more common in urticaria patients in this area.Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent food-borne urticaria in childhood,and urticaria caused by inhaled allergens in winter and spring.Because of the variation of allergens with sex,age and season,different preventive approaches should be taken,accordingly.