应用IOL-Master对大学生近视眼屈光成分的生物学测量研究

目的:应用IOL-Master测量大学生近视眼的眼轴长度(AL),水平、垂直角膜屈光力(K1,K2),前房深度(ACD)及角膜直径,探讨大学生近视眼各屈光成分值与屈光度的关系以及大学生近视眼的主要成因。方法:大学生近视患者1059例2118眼,经电脑验光按等效屈光度分为三组:A组低度近视<-3.00D(738眼),B组中度近视-3.00～-6.00D(989眼),C组高度近视>-6.00D(391眼)。采用光学相干生物测量仪(Zeiss,IOL-Master)测量其AL,K1,K2,ACD及角膜直径,计算眼轴长度与角膜曲率的比值AL/CR,数据采用SPSS18.0统计分析。结果:随着近视屈光度的增加,眼轴长度明显增加,两者之间存在显著相关性(P<0.01),且各组间具有显著差异性(P<0.01);K1在A组与B组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),K2在各组间具有差异性(P<0.05),但K1和K2仅与中度近视的屈光度存在相关性(P<0.05);各组AL与K1、K2呈负相关,且有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);ACD在B组与C组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),低度近视的屈光度与ACD存在显著相关性(P<0.01);角膜直径在各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),且与屈光度无相关性(P>0.05);AL/CR比值3.183±0.132,近视屈光度与AL/CR比值呈负相关(r=-0.761,P=0.000)。结论:轴性近视是大学生近视的主要类型。大学生中度近视是眼轴与角膜屈光力共同作用所致;ACD对大学生近视屈光度影响较小;角膜直径对大学生近视屈光度无影响。

Biometry of myopia in college students: IOL-Master study

AIM: To measure axial length(AL), horizontal and vertical corneal refractive power(K1, K2), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and corneal diameter(white to white)of myopia in college students by IOL-Master(Zeiss Humphrey Systems)and detect the correlation between diopter and all above refractive components.

METHODS: The IOL-Master was used in the measurement of the AL, K1, K2, ACD and corneal diameter(white to white)in 1 059 college students(2 118 eyes)with myopia, and AL/CR was calculated. Their diopter was measured by computer refractor. They were divided into three groups according to different mean spherical equivalent diopters: group A of low myopia: < -3.00D(738 eyes), group B of middle myopia: -3.00--6.00D(989 eyes), C group of high myopia: >-6.00D(391 eyes). The SPSS 18.0 was used for the statistical analysis.

RESULTS: With the increase of diopter, the AL in myopia eyes was increased and the AL increased significantly in each myopia group(P<0.01); There were statistically significant differences for AL classified with refractive error(P<0.01). There was no significant difference between group A and group B in K1(P>0.05)and there were significant differences among three groups in K2(P<0.05), but there was only significant correlation between K1, K2 and refractive error in middle myopia(P<0.05). The AL was negatively correlated with K1 and K2 in three groups(P<0.01). There was no significant differences between group B and group C in ACD(P>0.05), but there was only significant correlation between ACD and refractive error in low myopia(P<0.01). There was no significant differences of corneal diameter among three groups(P>0.05)and also there was no significant correlation between corneal diameter and refractive error in three groups(P>0.05). AL/CR was 3.183±0.132, the AL/CR ratio was negatively correlated with diopter of myopia(r=-0.761,P=0.000).

CONCLUSION: The development of axial length is the main reason in myopia of college students. Middle myopia is induced by both axial length and refractive power. ACD has little effects on diopter of myopia, but corneal diameter has no effects on diopter of myopia.