Differences in circulating dendritic cell subtypes in peripheral, placental and cord blood in African pregnant women

Dendritic cells (DC) are important for induction of primary immune responses and immunological tolerance. Changes in the frequency of DC subsets were analyzed in peripheral blood from pregnant women (mPB) and compared to placental blood (PB) and cord blood (CB). DCs were identified by flow cytometry in whole blood as lineage negative and HLA-DR-positive cells. Different DC subtypes were identified with CD123 and CD11c markers. In these data, the percentage of DC was significantly lower in mPB, PB and CB than in control women, but the absolute number of DC was higher in CB, suggesting that numbers of DC in CB do not explain the decrease of the immune response in newborn infants. Myeloid DCs (MDC) decreased in all compartments of pregnant women compared to control women, especially in mPB where MDC became lower than lymphoid DCs. An increase of less differentiated DC was observed in mPB and CB from pregnant women. DCs in pregnant women were mainly immature DC with a proportion of CD83-positive DC, identical as control women. The levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 were not different in the three compartments (mPB, PB, CB). In conclusion, the phenotype and subset of DCs were different in pregnant women than in control women, suggesting a role in maintenance of immune tolerance against the fetus. The distribution of DC subsets was different in mPB, PB and CB. Their role in the regulation of immune response remains to be elicited.