Super-resolution Ultrasound Imaging |
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| Institution: | 2. Institute of Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS FRE 2031, PSL University, Paris, France;3. Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA;4. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;5. Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;11. Chair for Medical Engineering, Faculty for Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany;12. Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;8. Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;2. Children''s Heart Research & Outcomes Center, Children''s Healthcare of Atlanta & Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;4. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;2. Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA;3. Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;2. Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;2. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;3. Philips Ultrasound, Bothell, Washington, USA;4. Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;5. Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The majority of exchanges of oxygen and nutrients are performed around vessels smaller than 100 μm, allowing cells to thrive everywhere in the body. Pathologies such as cancer, diabetes and arteriosclerosis can profoundly alter the microvasculature. Unfortunately, medical imaging modalities only provide indirect observation at this scale. Inspired by optical microscopy, ultrasound localization microscopy has bypassed the classic compromise between penetration and resolution in ultrasonic imaging. By localization of individual injected microbubbles and tracking of their displacement with a subwavelength resolution, vascular and velocity maps can be produced at the scale of the micrometer. Super-resolution ultrasound has also been performed through signal fluctuations with the same type of contrast agents, or through switching on and off nano-sized phase-change contrast agents. These techniques are now being applied pre-clinically and clinically for imaging of the microvasculature of the brain, kidney, skin, tumors and lymph nodes. |
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