海南岛半个世纪抗疟的巨大成就和存在的技术问题

目的评价海南岛半个世纪抗疟成就，为制定今后的抗疟措施提供参考和依据。方法对已收集的有关资料和研究结果进行归纳、整理和分析，对半个世纪抗疟的成就提出初步评价。结果通过全岛杀虫剂室内滞留喷洒消灭了主要传疟媒介家栖、嗜吸人血的微小按蚊，可能由于大规模的土地和森林开垦和生态环境的改变使重要媒介野栖的大劣按蚊的分布和危害范围明显缩小，以及疟区群众的居住条件和防蚊条件明显改善，导致了媒介能量或疟疾接受性和基本繁殖率稳定地、显著地降低，已从根本上改变了海南岛的疟疾传播条件，致使疟疾患病率（疟原虫率）和发病率稳固地下降，分别比抗疟前下降了97％和99％以上；大劣按蚊在少数山麓地区导致的上山感染以及兼吸人牛血并偏野栖微小按蚊的广泛存在是主要的存在问题。结论海南岛半个世纪的抗疟已经取得了巨大的成就，基本上解除了疟疾的严重威胁，但疟疾还会持续存在，与疟疾的斗争还会是长期的。

Great achievements of anti - malaria for a half century and the present technical problems in Hainan Island.

Objective To giving a scientific evaluation for anti - malaria effort for a half century in Hainan Island and to providing a referenee for making a malaria control strategy in the future. Methods The data concerning malaria eontrol and some research results were collected and analyzed for making a preliminary evaluation on the achievement of anti - malaria for a half century. Results h is showed that since the main vector A. rnlnirnus with indoorphilic and anthropophagus has been eliminated by residual spraying of insecticide in the whole Island, and the range of distribution and danger of the important vector A. dirus has markedly shrunk maybe due to a large sealed open up of the earths and forests, and development of tropical economic erops, and markedly improvement of the housing conditions and mosquito proofing condition of people in the endemic areas, the vectorial capacity or malaria reeeptivity and the basic reproductive rate of malaria have markedly decreased and the condition of malaria transmission have fundamentally changed so that the malaria prevalence and morbidity have been obviously and stably decreased by the over 97 % and 99 % respectively compared with that before anti - malaria. However there still be two problems that＇ s there are some of ＂up mountain infection＂eaused by A. dirus in some mountain forest areas, and an another group of A. minirnus with exophilie and equal tendency to man and cattle has widely distribution in hilly areas despite it has a lower transmission efficiency. Conclusion A great achievement has been gained by anti - malaria for a half century in Hainan Island and serious danger from malaria has been relieved essentially. But transmission of malaria will still last and the fight against malaria will be continued for a long time.