创伤骨科术后患者下肢DVT预防的知信行现状及影响因素分析

目的了解创伤骨科术后患者下肢DVT预防的知信行现状及其影响因素,为完善创伤骨科术后下肢DVT的行为干预策略提供参考依据。方法采取便利抽样方法,选取2019年1—4月在某三级甲等医院创伤骨科住院的150例骨科术后患者,采用一般人口学资料调查表、骨科患者下肢DVT预防知信行调查量表进行调查。运用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果150例患者下肢DVT预防的知信行总分为(77.78±8.16)分,其中知识(14.44±4.03)分,信念(54.21±5.34)分,行为(8.09±1.46)分。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、文化程度、职业及手术部位的患者下肢DVT预防的知识得分差异有统计学意义(F值分别为2.075、14.829、10.312、7.406;P<0.05);不同手术部位的患者信念得分差异有统计学意义(F=9.765,P<0.05);不同文化程度、手术部位和主要照护者的患者行为得分差异有统计学意义(F值分别为3.151、4.178、2.810;P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,文化程度及职业是知识得分的主要影响因素,文化程度与主要照护者是行为得分的主要影响因素。结论创伤骨科术后患者下肢DVT预防的知信行受文化程度、职业及主要照护者影响,患者相关知识缺乏,预防态度积极,行为依从性相对较高。

The current status of knowledge-attitude-practice and influencing factors of the prevention of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in patients after traumatic orthopedic surgery

Objective To understand the current status of the knowledge-attitude-practice of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(DVT)prevention in patients after traumatic orthopedic surgery and its influencing factors,and to provide a reference for improving the behavioral intervention strategies.Methods A convenient sampling method was adopted to select 150 orthopedic patients who were hospitalized in the Traumatic Orthopedics Department of a Class A tertiary hospital from January to April 2019.The general demographic data questionnaire and the lower extremity DVT development knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire were used to collect data.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18.0 statistical software.Results The total score of knowledge-attitude-practice for DVT prevention in 150 patients was(77.78±8.16),with knowledge(14.44±4.03),attitude(54.21±5.34),and practice(8.09±1.46).Univariate analysis showed that ages,education levels,occupations,and surgical sites had statistically significant impact on knowledge scores for lower extremity DVT prevention(F=2.075,14.829,10.312,7.406;P<0.05);surgical sites had statistically significant impact on attitude scores(F=9.765,P<0.05);educational levels,surgical sites and caregivers had statistically significant impact on practice scores(F=3.151,4.178,2.810;P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that education levels and occupation were the main influencing factors of knowledge score,and education and primary caregivers were the main influencing factors of practice score.Conclusions The knowledge-attitude-practice of DVT prevention in patients after traumatic orthopedic surgery are affected by education level,occupation and primary caregiver.Patients lack relevant knowledge while having positive prevention attitude,and relatively high behavioral compliance.