组织工程支架材料在泌尿系统损伤修复中的应用

背景:泌尿外科组织工程技术为泌尿道组织、器官的微创修复和功能重建带来了新的希望。近年来,有关泌尿系组织工程支架材料的研究以及组织工程化组织如肾脏、输尿管、膀胱、尿道等的实验和临床研究报道层出不穷。目的:总结近年组织工程支架材料在泌尿系统损伤修复中的应用情况。方法:由作者应用计算机检索万方数据库(http://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/),检索时限1998-01/2010-12。检索关键词:输尿管;膀胱;尿道;支架材料;组织工程。纳入标准:①泌尿系组织工程所用生物支架材料制备方面的文章。②组织工程支架材料修复泌尿系统损伤方面的文章。排除标准:重复研究或较陈旧文献。根据纳入排除标准共保留相关文献41篇。结果与结论:近年来,泌尿系组织工程支架材料的研究较为迅速,主要有天然细胞外基质,如胶原、蛋白多糖、糖蛋白等;细胞外基质衍生物,如膀胱细胞外基质、尿道细胞外基质、小肠黏膜下层等;合成聚合物,如聚羟基乙酸、聚乳酸等。这类材料具有最接近人体的网架结构、生物力学性能、部分活性因子,与上皮细胞和平滑肌细胞共同培养,有利于细胞黏附生长发挥生理功能。目前泌尿外科组织工程技术正处于从基础研究向临床应用转化的关键阶段。

Application of tissue-engineered scaffolds in the repair of urinary system injury

BACKGROUND: Urological tissue engineering technology has brought a new hope for microinvasive repair and functional reconstruction of urinary tract tissues and organs. In recent years, many studies addressing tissue-engineered scaffolds for the urinary system and tissue-engineered tissues such as the kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of tissue-engineered scaffolds in the repair of urinary system injuries. METHODS: A computer-based search of Wanfang databases (http://med.wanfangdata.com.cn/) from January 1998 to December 2010 was performed by using keywords "ureter, bladder, urethra, scaffold materials, tissue engineering". Papers addressing preparation of biomaterial scaffolds for the urinary system and tissue-engineered scaffolds for repair of urinary system injuries were included. Repetitive and old papers were excluded. Finally, 41 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Recently, there is a rapid progress in tissue-engineered scaffold materials for the urinary system, including natural extracellular matrix, such as collagen, proteoglycan, glycoprotein, etc.; extracellular matrix derivatives, such as extracellular matrix of the bladder, urethra, extracellular matrix, small intestine Lower, etc.; synthetic polymers, such as polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid and so on. These kinds of materials have a similar network structure, biomechanical properties, and part of active factors to human body. It is beneficial for epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells to play a physiological function if the cells growth on these kinds of scaffolds. The urological tissue engineering technology, currently, is at a critical stage from basic studies to clinical applications.