Gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether foreign diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are suitable for Chinese pregnant women. METHODS: The study participants were 340 pregnant women receiving obstetric care at the Shanghai Jiaotong University-Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital in Shanghai, China. The normal-pregnancy group comprised 190 women with no risk factor for GDM and the high-risk pregnancy group comprised 150 women who had at least one high-risk factor for GDM. All women took the diagnostic 100-g, 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (100-g 3-h OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The results of the 100-g 3-h OGTT were classified according to three different sets of diagnostic criteria: (1) new, "Chinese" diagnostic criteria based on the results from the 100-g 3-h OGTT performed in the 190 healthy participating women; (2) the Carpenter and Coustan criteria; and (3) the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria. Venous plasma glucose (VPG) was measured by the glucose oxidase method. A consistency check was used for analysis. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: With 97.5% as the statistical cutoff value for the 100-g 3-h OGTT, the new diagnostic criteria for this study, based on data obtained from the 100-g 3-h OGTT performed on the 190 participating healthy pregnant women, were 5.2, 10.3, 8.9, and 7.7 mmol/L at 0, 60, 120, and 180 min. The e value was 0.83 for the new criteria vs. the Carpenter and Coustan criteria (P<0.001) and 0.70 for the new criteria vs. the NDDG criteria (P<0.001). In women with GDM and gestational-impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT), the incidence rates of macrosomia by the new criteria and the Carpenter and Coustan criteria were similar, but higher than the rates calculated with the NDDG criteria (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: With venous plasma glucose level measured by the glucose oxidase method, the Carpenter and Coustan criteria are applicable to Chinese pregnant women for diagnosis of GDM.