孕妇社会学特征对新生儿出生体重和身长的影响

目的:探讨孕妇社会学特征及相关因素对新生儿出生体重和身长的影响,为降低低出生体重儿和巨大儿的发生、建立孕期保健临床护理路径提供依据。方法:由专人调查分娩孕妇的一般情况、年龄、职业、受教育程度、孕期居住地、孕次、产前保健次数等指标,孕妇分娩后立即测量新生儿体重和身长。结果:新生儿出生体重及身长与孕妇年龄、孕次无统计学关联。新生儿出生体重及身长在不同职业组间差异具有统计学意义(F=6.84,P=0.0 012;F=3.98,P=0.0 192);新生儿出生体重及身长在不同受教育程度组间差异具有统计学意义(F=5.27,P=0.0 014;F=4.37,P=0.0 047;)新生儿出生体重与孕妇居住地具有统计学关联(t=2.57,P=0.0 108);新生儿出生身长与孕妇居住地无统计学关联(t=1.69,P=0.0 922)。新生儿出生体重和身长在不同产前保健次数的孕妇组间有统计学差异(F=10.07,P<0.0 001;F=9.55,P<0.0 001)。结论:孕妇年龄和孕次未影响新生儿出生体重和身长;受教育程度、孕妇的职业、居住地、产前保健次数可以不同程度地影响新生儿出生体重和身长。应重视孕妇社会学特征及相关因素对新生儿出生体重和身长的影响,并提供适时干预。

Study on the relationship between sociological characteristics and related factors of pregnancy and neonatal birth size

Objective:To investigate the relationship between sociological characteristics and related factors of pregnancy woman and neonatal birth size and to provide clinical nursing pathway for antenatal care.Methods:Special messenger were arranged to investigate the baseline data,including general state of health,gestational age,occupation,educational level,habitation,gravidities,antenatal checkups.Results:There were no statistical associations between gestational age,gravidities and neonatal birth size.There were statistical associations between educational level,occupation,habitation,antenatal checkups and neonatal birth size,respectively.Conclusion:There is correlation between educational level,occupation,habitation,antenatal care and neonatal birth size.It is important that fully understand and use of matemal sociological characteristics and related factors for favorable neonatal birth size.