大学新生自我控制在体育锻炼与攻击行为间的中介作用

探讨体育锻炼与大学新生自我控制和攻击行为的关系,为预防或缓解大学新生攻击行为提供研究基础.方法 采用体育锻炼等级量表(Physical Activity Rating Scale-3,PARS-3)、大学生自我控制量表、大学生攻击行为量表以及自编的人口统计学问卷,对随机抽取的扬州某大学986名新生进行问卷调查.结果 大学新生攻击行为(60.81±9.56)和自我控制得分(63.78±8.79)均处于中等水平,其中男生攻击行为得分低于女生(t=1.66,P<0.05),非独生子女攻击行为得分高于独生子女(t=-3.38,P<0.01),来自城市的大学新生攻击行为得分低于农村学生(t=-3.29,P<0.01).与低体育锻炼水平大学生组相比,高体育锻炼水平组大学生自我控制能力强,攻击行为少(F值分别为6.94,5.01,P值均<0.05);自我控制与攻击行为之间存在负相关(r=-0.49,P<0.01),体育锻炼水平与攻击行为之间存在负相关(r=-0.12,P<0.01),体育锻炼水平与自我控制之间存在正相关(r=0.13,P<0.01).中介模型拟合结果表明,体育锻炼既可以直接减少或缓解大学新生攻击行为,也可以通过提升自我控制,间接地减少或缓解大学新生攻击行为,中介效应占总效应的比例为51.59%.结论 体育锻炼是预防大学新生攻击行为的有效手段,自我控制在体育锻炼预防大学新生攻击行为中起部分中介作用.

Mediation role of self-control in the association between physical exercise and aggressive behavior among college freshmen

Objective To examine the relationship between physical exercise and aggressive behavior among college freshmen, and to test the mediation effect of self-control in the association.Methods A total of 986 students from one university in Yangzhou were randomly selected and assessed with Physical Activity Rating (PAR-3), Self-control Scale and Aggression Questionnaire.Demographic information was also collected.Results Aggressive behavior and self-control were at a moderate level (60.81±9.56, 63.78 ± 8.79).Aggressive behavior score of male students was lower than that of female (60.13 ± 9.30, 61.40 ±9.76, t = 1.66, P < 0.05).Aggressive behavior ' s scores of non-only-child students was higher than that of only-child students (61.81±9.09, 59.76±9.93, t =-3.38, P<0.01), and students from urban areas lower than rural students (59.67±9.42, 61.68±9.59, t =-3.29, P < 0.01).The self-control in high physical exercise group was better than that of low group (68.47 ± 11.62, 63.37±8.65, 95%CI = 1.384-8.448, P < 0.01) while aggressive behavior was lower (56.21 ± 7.81, 61.23 ± 9.46, 95% CI =-8.261, -0.630, P<0.05).There is a negative correlation between self-control and aggressive behavior (r =-0.494, P<0.01).A negative correlation between the physical exercise volume and aggressive behavior was found (r =-0.118, P < 0.01).Self-control positively associated with physical exercise volume (r = 0.125, P<0.01).The structural equation modeling analysis results supported that physical exercise had direct effect on aggressive behavior of college freshmen, and it can also alleviate the aggressive behavior of college freshmen by improving self-control.Conclusion Physical exercise has positive effect on alleviating aggressive behavior.Self-control plays partial mediation effect in this relationship.