中国三地区中学生心理亚健康状态及影响因素分析

了解中国中学生心理亚健康状况,为制定相关政策和促进中学生健康提供参考依据.方法 采用二阶段抽样的方法,于2012—2013年在西藏、山西、广州三地区调查3 026名中学生,进行青少年亚健康多维评定问卷调查.结果 初中生心理亚健康状态检出率为11.12%,高中生为17.45%.学习负担重、每天上网时间≥4 h、饮酒、偏食是初中生心理亚健康状态发生的危险因素(OR值分别为1.942,2.298,1.919,1.735),运动、睡眠时间充足、朋友个数多和寻求他人帮助是初中生心理亚健康状态发生的保护因素(OR值分别为0.522,0.189,0.275,0.570).年级、睡眠时间不足、学习负担重、每周回家少于1次、运动不足、吸烟、饮酒、朋友个数少、性格内向是高中生心理亚健康状态发生的危险因素(OR值分别为1.728,9.459,2.427,2.478,2.472,2.138,2.344,10.324,1.547),而性别为男、家庭在乡镇、寻求帮助是高中生心理亚健康状态发生的保护因素(OR值分别为0.679,0.588,0.378).结论 建议采取综合防控措施,排除中学生心理亚健康危险因素,以维护中学生的健康成长.

State of psychological sub-health and influencing factors of middle school students in three regions of China

Objective To understand their situation of sub-health by investigating the middle school students of three areas in China, and to provide the reference for relevant measures and promoting middle school students' health.Methods A multi-dimensional self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate 3 026 middle school students selected from Tibet, Shanxi and Guangzhou from 2012 to 2013 by two-stage sampling method.Results The detection rate of psychological sub-health was 11.12%in junior middle school students and 17.5% in high middle school students.Overweight burden of study, spending over 4 hours on internet, drinking, and imbalanced diet were the risk factors of psychological sub-health in junior middle school students (OR =1.942, 2.298, 1.919, 1.735).Exercise, adequate sleeping time, having a large number of friends and seeking help were the protective factors of the state of sub-health in junior middle school students (OR = 0.522, 0.189, 0.275, 0.570).Grade, lack of sleep, overweight burden of study, going home for less than one time a week, lack of exercise, smoking, drinking, lack of friends and introversion were the risk factors of psychological sub-health in high middle school students (OR = 1.728, 9.459, 2.427, 2.478, 2.472, 2.138, 2.344, 10.324, 1.547).Boy students, families in the villages and towns, seeking help were the protective factors of psychological sub-health in high middle school students (OR = 0.679, 0.588, 0.378).Conclusion It suggests that the comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken, the risk factors be excluded and the protective factors be taken, the state of the psychological sub-health can be effectively prevented and controlled, and the health growth of the middle school students can be maintained.