卡介苗多糖核酸对支气管哮喘合并鼻炎患儿治疗的研究

目的 探讨卡介苗多糖核酸(BCG-PSN)对支气管哮喘合并鼻炎患儿Th1/Th2功能及肺通气功能的影响.方法 37例哮喘患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组两组.按照分级治疗的标准给与相应的糖皮质激素吸入治疗,治疗组加用BCG-PSN,随访6个月,比较治疗前和治疗后血清IFN-γ、IL-4的浓度及IFN-γ/IL-4比值、血浆总IgE、肺功能、鼻炎积分、哮喘发作需急诊就诊的次数、呼吸道感染的次数.结果治疗后治疗组,IL-4、IgE明显下降,IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-4比值明显升高;差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而对照组无明显改变,差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组肺功能均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组哮喘发作需急诊就诊的次数为(0.81±0.20)次,对照组为(1.72±0.80)次,差异有统计学意义,(t=4.15,P＜0.05);治疗组呼吸道感染(1.15±0.55)次,对照组(3.21±0.73)次,差异有统计学意义,(t=3.98,P＜0.05);治疗组鼻炎发作(1.31±0.42)次、对照组(1.11±0.39)次,差异无统计学意义,(t=2.31,P＜0.05).结论 BCG-PSN具有纠正Th1/Th2失衡,减轻气道炎症,改善肺通气功能,提高免疫力的作用.对于哮喘合并过敏性鼻炎的患儿,除针对气道慢性炎症使用糖皮质激素进行抗炎治疗外,同时应重视免疫调节治疗.

Effects of BCG-PSN injection on immune and lung function of asthmatic children complicated with allergic rhinitis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of polysaccharide nucleic acid of BCG (BCG-PSN) injection on immune and pulmonary function in asthmatic children complicated with allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Thirty-seven cases were separated at random into two groups, the BCG-PSN group (17 cases) was treated with BCG-PSN plus inhaled glucocortisteriods, and the control group (20 cases) was treated with inhaled glucocortisteriods only. The children in both groups were followed up for 6 months to record their lung function, allergic rhinitis scores, frequency of asthmatic attacks and respiratory infection. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and plasma total IgE were detected by using double antibody sandwitch ELISA at the beginning and the end of treatment. RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, after treatment, the levels of IFN-g and the ratio of IFN-g/IL4 in the BCG-PSN group significantly increased, whereas the level of IL-4 and the plasma total IgE significantly decreased (P less than 0.05), while those of the control group had no significant change. The lung function of both groups had significant improvement (p less than 0.05). The frequencies of asthmatic attacks in BCG-PSN and control groups were 0.81 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.72 +/- 0.80, and the difference was statistically significant. The frequencies of respiratory tract infection in BCG-PSN and control groups were 1.15 +/- 0.55 vs. 3.21 +/- 0.73, the difference was significant. CONCLUSION: BCG-PSN may be able to correct the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and improve the lung function of children with asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis, which suggest that the immune adjusting treatment should be emphasized besides anti-inflammation therapy.